Are Muslim countries technically supposed to collect Jizya tax?

[random_user]

This is something that came on my mind the other day. Do current Muslim countries charge jizya tax from Ahlul Kitab believers (Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians)? If Muslim countries do not charge Jizya tax shouldn't they technically still do it? Or is jizya tax only imposed in certain conditions. If so, what are those conditions?

[Meedy]

To be honest with you. These days I don't think they collect any jizya tax. I think it would be regular tax for everyone. I think people may not even know what is jizya tax.

Muslims countries have been hijacked by western influences, both the officials and the people.

I could be wrong

[Abu Hadi]

On 3/30/2025 at 8:31 AM, random_user said:

This is something that came on my mind the other day. Do current Muslim countries charge jizya tax from Ahlul Kitab believers (Jews, Christians, Zoroastrians)? If Muslim countries do not charge Jizya tax shouldn't they technically still do it? Or is jizya tax only imposed in certain conditions. If so, what are those conditions?

As a follower of Jaafari fiqh, we believe that the only one who can collect this tax is the Prophet Muhammad(p.b.u.h) or his designated representative, i.e. Imams of Ahl Al Bayt((عليه السلام)). Since the current Imam(a.f.s) is in ghayba (occultation), there is noone to collect this tax, so it's not collected at present. Also, the Ahl Al Kitab must be residing in a country that is Muslim, i.e. enjoying the protection of the Muslims government. So these are the two conditions. 

[mahmood8726]

On 4/5/2025 at 8:19 AM, Abu Hadi said:

As a follower of Jaafari fiqh, we believe that the only one who can collect this tax is the Prophet Muhammad(p.b.u.h) or his designated representative, i.e. Imams of Ahl Al Bayt((عليه السلام)). Since the current Imam(a.f.s) is in ghayba (occultation), there is noone to collect this tax, so it's not collected at present. Also, the Ahl Al Kitab must be residing in a country that is Muslim, i.e. enjoying the protection of the Muslims government. So these are the two conditions. 

Ive been curious about this, what about polythiests? I heard they didn't pay it, what would happen to them? 

Edited April 21 by mahmood8726

[Ashvazdanghe]

3 hours ago, mahmood8726 said:

Ive been curious about this, what about polythiests? I heard they didn't pay it, what would happen to them? 

Salam other people likewise polytheist or even unbelievers can make a pact with  muslim leader in order to live in a muslim country under protection of the muslim leader which in similar fashion of people of book  they  pay Jizya tax in return of their protection by the muslim leader which all rulings about them can be in similar fashion of rulings about people of the book which currently in similar fashion of people of the book they don't pay it likewise Bahai's in Iran which although of being out of religion they can live under protection of Islamic government until they they have not broken their pact about not proselytizing their false belief & not intervention in political activities which already they are not paying any Jaziya tax which in case of proselytizing their false belief &  intervention in political activities Islamic government of Iran can detain them so then punish them based on current rules of country of Iran.

Edited April 21 by Ashvazdanghe

[Botak]

On 4/21/2025 at 12:24 PM, Ashvazdanghe said:

Salam other people likewise polytheist or even unbelievers can make a pact with  muslim leader in order to live in a muslim country under protection of the muslim leader

I thought pagans will get deported from an islamic state? (If its actually realized) (no, not THAT islamic state)

[mahmood8726]

On 4/21/2025 at 1:24 AM, Ashvazdanghe said:

Salam other people likewise polytheist or even unbelievers can make a pact with  muslim leader in order to live in a muslim country under protection of the muslim leader which in similar fashion of people of book  they  pay Jizya tax in return of their protection by the muslim leader which all rulings about them can be in similar fashion of rulings about people of the book which currently in similar fashion of people of the book they don't pay it likewise Bahai's in Iran which although of being out of religion they can live under protection of Islamic government until they they have not broken their pact about not proselytizing their false belief & not intervention in political activities which already they are not paying any Jaziya tax which in case of proselytizing their false belief &  intervention in political activities Islamic government of Iran can detain them so then punish them based on current rules of country of Iran.

Are you sure? I know in shia islam and maliki sunni islam, all polythiests can pay jizya, but in hanafi sunni islam only non arab pagans can pay jizya and in hanbali and shafii sunni islam no pagan can pay jizya and they're all given the choice to convert or death. 

 

In shia islam we have to have the 12 infallible immams to rule to be able to impose jizya, if I remeber.

 

I might make a topic on this soon to clear our what each sect beleives what on jizyah. So there can be an indepth discussion people can benefit from. 

Edited April 24 by mahmood8726

[Ashvazdanghe]

On 4/25/2025 at 12:16 AM, mahmood8726 said:

Are you sure? I know in shia islam and maliki sunni islam, all polythiests can pay jizya,

Salam maybe I'm wrong ; however all people of book can pay  the Jizya  which Sharia ruler as general deputy of Imam of time (aj) can make a special pact with other people likewise Bahai's & etc who are not from people of book ;   as brother  @Abu Hadi have mentioned only prophet Muhammad (pbu) & infallible Imams or their special  deputies during their presence & general  deputies (our Marjas in our era) during occultation can collect  the Jizya or which already it has been postponed due to current condition .

 

if a musta’amin infidel [note 1] has a one-year residence permit, the Islamic state can collect jizyah from him. [59]

Musta’amin infidel

Quote

A non-believer who has found absolute security in Islamic countries, that is, he enters Islamic territory as a trade or embassy or for other purposes with the permission of the Islamic government or individual Muslims, according to a treaty of friendship.

Dehkhoda, Dictionary, under مستأمن (Musta'min); Islamic Encyclopedia Institute, Persian Jurisprudence, Vol. 1, p. 684

https://fa.wikishia.net/view/جزیه

________________________________________________

Factors that cause the Jizyah to be waived
Jizyah may be waived by a dhimmi after it has become obligatory, due to factors such as the death or conversion of a dhimmi to Islam, the inability of the Islamic government to fulfill its obligations, the dhimmi participating in war, the dhimmi leaving the Islamic land (Dar al-Islam), the occurrence of an event that makes it impossible for the dhimmi to pay the jizyah, such as poverty,crippling, and old age, and the dhimmi violating the terms of the dhimmi contract. [72] It is also possible to exempt dhimmi from paying the jizyah in order to create interest in converting to Islam and for some other interests. [73] B

Note(he dhimmi participating in war,) : people of book in Iran have participated in sacred defence against invasion of Baa'thi regime as soldiers of Iranian army  as supporters even some of Christian Armenian  have participated as  volunteer fighters which they have been best mechanics in supportive lines for returning most damaged vehicles into war front again . 

 

Quote

Ruling: According to some jurists, the ruling on jizya only applies to those who believed in one of the three religions before [advent of] Islam, and those who join one of these religions after Islam are not subject to the ruling on jizya, because those religions have been abrogated. [51] Similarly, jizya is not levied on apostates.

[52] According to some Sunni jurists, jizya can be collected from those whose religion are unknown,[53] and according to some Hanafis,[54] jizya can be collected from any infidel other than Arab idolaters. Abu Hanifa also considered it permissible to collect jizya from non-Arab idolaters. [55]

 

The recipient of the jizyah are the Messenger of Allah ((صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)) and after him, the infallible Imam or his deputy - whether a special deputy during his presence or a general deputy during the era of occultation if he is in a position of authority and has executive power. The contract of dhimmitude with the People of the Book and the collection of the Jizyah from them is only within the scope of their duties.

In the broad assumption of not having the power, if an unjust Muslim ruler signs a dhimmi contract with the People of the Book and collects the Jizyah, it is considered valid.[40]

Therefore, according to the Imami jurists, collecting the Jizyah during the presence of the infallible Imam is his responsibility, and during the occultation, it is the responsibility of the religious ruler, and he can appoint someone to collect the Jizyah.[41]

Although some have suggested that the Jizyah may be abolished during the occultation.[42]

Quote

Conditions: The officers of collecting the Jizyah are required to treat the dhimmis with tolerance and to refrain from resorting to force if their poverty is proven. In hadiths and jurisprudential sources, forcing the dhimmis to pay the jizya through beatings and imprisonment is condemned, and it is emphasized to treat them well and be tolerant of them in collecting the Jizya. [43]

conditions of the Jizyah payer  : According to the well-known opinion of Imami jurists and some Sunni jurists, based on verse 29 of Surah At-Tawbah and hadiths, [44] the Jizya is collected only from the People of the Book, and there is no doubt that it includes all Jewish and Christian sects. [45] However, there is a difference of opinion regarding the inclusion of Zoroastrians in the People of the Book. [46] According to a popular view in Islamic jurisprudence, especially in Shiite jurisprudence, they can be considered People of the Book or those who are suspected of being People of the Book. [47] It has even been said that, based on the consensus of jurists, it is permissible to collect the Jizya from the Zoroastrians . [48]

Quote

Shiite jurists, with the exception of a few, such as Ibn Junayd, have not accepted the acceptance of jizya from the Sabians. [49] However, some Sunni jurists consider them People of the Book, and a number of others have considered their judgment to be dependent on whether their beliefs agree or disagree with one of the sects of People of the Book. [50]

 

Ruling on Non-People of the Book Some Sunni jurists, such as Malik ibn Anas, Awza'i, and Thawri, believe that it is permissible to collect jizya from any infidel. These jurists are supported by hadiths such as the narration of Buraidah, which absolutely permits concluding treaties with polytheists. [56] Of course, an Islamic ruler can also conclude peace treaties with non-People of the Book in exchange for compensation. [57] According to some, the ruler of an Islamic state can, in the public interest, tax and reconcile with all non-Muslim residents of the country, whether People of the Book or others, but given that paying the jizya entails certain obligations and rights for the dhimmis (such as recognition of their religion and their freedom to act according to their own opinions in personal matters), the ruling on jizya applies only to People of the Book and does not include other non-Muslims. [58] Also, according to the jurists, non-Muslims who temporarily reside in an Islamic country are not subject to the jizyah ruling, although according to some other jurists, if a musta’amin infidel [note 1] has a one-year residence permit, the Islamic state can collect jizyah from him. [59]

Musta’amin infidel

Quote

A non-believer who has found absolute security in Islamic countries, that is, he enters Islamic territory as a trade or embassy or for other purposes with the permission of the Islamic government or individual Muslims, according to a treaty of friendship.

Dehkhoda, Dictionary, under مستأمن (Musta'min); Islamic Encyclopedia Institute, Persian Jurisprudence, Vol. 1, p. 684

https://fa.wikishia.net/view/جزیه

__________________________________

Dhimmī disbeliever

Dhimmī disbeliever (Arabic: الكافر الذمي), a jurisprudential term that refers to the People of the Book who live in an Islamic country and must pay jizya. According to Islamic law, "dhimmi disbelievers" (from the People of the Book) must sign a "dhimma treaty" with the Islamic ruler in order to live in the Islamic land and enjoy the right of immunity. People of the Book are Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians.

According to the fatwa of the jurists, the People of the Book must commit to the following issues in the dhimma treaty: paying "jizya", not fighting with Muslims and not helping the enemies of Muslims, not harming Muslims (through actions such as stealing and spying for Muslims’ enemies), not openly committing Islamic prohibitions, not building places of worship like a church, and not ringing bells as well as accepting implementation of Islamic rules upon themselves. The Islamic government, in return, will recognize their ownership of their property and support their rights in Islamic society.

Dhimma Treaty

According to the fatwa of the jurists, in the "dhamma treaty", the People of the Book must adhere to six issues: paying "jizya", not fighting with Muslims and not helping the enemies of Muslims, not harming Muslims (through actions such as stealing and spying for Muslims' enemies), not openly committing Islamic prohibitions, not building places of worship like a church, and not ringing bells as well as accepting implementation of Islamic rules upon themselves.^[4] In return, the Islamic government allows them to keep their religion, live in the Islamic land, and have immunity.^[5]

https://en.wikishia.net/view/Dhimmi

 

 

 

Edited April 26 by Ashvazdanghe

[TheWayofTheSalaaf]

On 4/25/2025 at 10:57 PM, Ashvazdanghe said:

Salam maybe I'm wrong ; however all people of book can pay  the Jizya  which Sharia ruler as general deputy of Imam of time (aj) can make a special pact with other people likewise Bahai's & etc who are not from people of book ;   as brother  @Abu Hadi have mentioned only prophet Muhammad (pbu) & infallible Imams or their special  deputies during their presence & general  deputies (our Marjas in our era) during occultation can collect  the Jizya or which already it has been postponed due to current condition .

 

if a musta’amin infidel [note 1] has a one-year residence permit, the Islamic state can collect jizyah from him. [59]

Musta’amin infidel

https://fa.wikishia.net/view/جزیه

________________________________________________

Factors that cause the Jizyah to be waived
Jizyah may be waived by a dhimmi after it has become obligatory, due to factors such as the death or conversion of a dhimmi to Islam, the inability of the Islamic government to fulfill its obligations, the dhimmi participating in war, the dhimmi leaving the Islamic land (Dar al-Islam), the occurrence of an event that makes it impossible for the dhimmi to pay the jizyah, such as poverty,crippling, and old age, and the dhimmi violating the terms of the dhimmi contract. [72] It is also possible to exempt dhimmi from paying the jizyah in order to create interest in converting to Islam and for some other interests. [73] B

Note(he dhimmi participating in war,) : people of book in Iran have participated in sacred defence against invasion of Baa'thi regime as soldiers of Iranian army  as supporters even some of Christian Armenian  have participated as  volunteer fighters which they have been best mechanics in supportive lines for returning most damaged vehicles into war front again . 

 

[52] According to some Sunni jurists, jizya can be collected from those whose religion are unknown,[53] and according to some Hanafis,[54] jizya can be collected from any infidel other than Arab idolaters. Abu Hanifa also considered it permissible to collect jizya from non-Arab idolaters. [55]

 

The recipient of the jizyah are the Messenger of Allah ((صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم)) and after him, the infallible Imam or his deputy - whether a special deputy during his presence or a general deputy during the era of occultation if he is in a position of authority and has executive power. The contract of dhimmitude with the People of the Book and the collection of the Jizyah from them is only within the scope of their duties.

In the broad assumption of not having the power, if an unjust Muslim ruler signs a dhimmi contract with the People of the Book and collects the Jizyah, it is considered valid.[40]

Therefore, according to the Imami jurists, collecting the Jizyah during the presence of the infallible Imam is his responsibility, and during the occultation, it is the responsibility of the religious ruler, and he can appoint someone to collect the Jizyah.[41]

Although some have suggested that the Jizyah may be abolished during the occultation.[42]

conditions of the Jizyah payer  : According to the well-known opinion of Imami jurists and some Sunni jurists, based on verse 29 of Surah At-Tawbah and hadiths, [44] the Jizya is collected only from the People of the Book, and there is no doubt that it includes all Jewish and Christian sects. [45] However, there is a difference of opinion regarding the inclusion of Zoroastrians in the People of the Book. [46] According to a popular view in Islamic jurisprudence, especially in Shiite jurisprudence, they can be considered People of the Book or those who are suspected of being People of the Book. [47] It has even been said that, based on the consensus of jurists, it is permissible to collect the Jizya from the Zoroastrians . [48]

 

Ruling on Non-People of the Book Some Sunni jurists, such as Malik ibn Anas, Awza'i, and Thawri, believe that it is permissible to collect jizya from any infidel. These jurists are supported by hadiths such as the narration of Buraidah, which absolutely permits concluding treaties with polytheists. [56] Of course, an Islamic ruler can also conclude peace treaties with non-People of the Book in exchange for compensation. [57] According to some, the ruler of an Islamic state can, in the public interest, tax and reconcile with all non-Muslim residents of the country, whether People of the Book or others, but given that paying the jizya entails certain obligations and rights for the dhimmis (such as recognition of their religion and their freedom to act according to their own opinions in personal matters), the ruling on jizya applies only to People of the Book and does not include other non-Muslims. [58] Also, according to the jurists, non-Muslims who temporarily reside in an Islamic country are not subject to the jizyah ruling, although according to some other jurists, if a musta’amin infidel [note 1] has a one-year residence permit, the Islamic state can collect jizyah from him. [59]

Musta’amin infidel

https://fa.wikishia.net/view/جزیه

__________________________________

Dhimmī disbeliever

Dhimmī disbeliever (Arabic: الكافر الذمي), a jurisprudential term that refers to the People of the Book who live in an Islamic country and must pay jizya. According to Islamic law, "dhimmi disbelievers" (from the People of the Book) must sign a "dhimma treaty" with the Islamic ruler in order to live in the Islamic land and enjoy the right of immunity. People of the Book are Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians.

According to the fatwa of the jurists, the People of the Book must commit to the following issues in the dhimma treaty: paying "jizya", not fighting with Muslims and not helping the enemies of Muslims, not harming Muslims (through actions such as stealing and spying for Muslims’ enemies), not openly committing Islamic prohibitions, not building places of worship like a church, and not ringing bells as well as accepting implementation of Islamic rules upon themselves. The Islamic government, in return, will recognize their ownership of their property and support their rights in Islamic society.

Dhimma Treaty

According to the fatwa of the jurists, in the "dhamma treaty", the People of the Book must adhere to six issues: paying "jizya", not fighting with Muslims and not helping the enemies of Muslims, not harming Muslims (through actions such as stealing and spying for Muslims' enemies), not openly committing Islamic prohibitions, not building places of worship like a church, and not ringing bells as well as accepting implementation of Islamic rules upon themselves.^[4] In return, the Islamic government allows them to keep their religion, live in the Islamic land, and have immunity.^[5]

https://en.wikishia.net/view/Dhimmi

 

 

 

Bahais are very creepy to me. I don't know how anyone could be bahai.