Scholars and Apostasy

[Follower of Ahlulbayt]

What are the views of Shia scholars on apostasy. Is someone to be punished for leaving islam generally, or is it only when one leaves islam publicly? Please give sources with scholars such as syed sistani, syed khamanei, and others

[Hassan-]

Sayed al khoei:

المرتد عبارة عمن خرج عن دين الاسلام، وهو قسمان: ( فطري ) و ( ملي ) : ( الاول ) - المرتد الفطري وهو الذي ولد على الاسلام من أبوين مسلمين أو من أبوين أحدهما مسلم ويجب قتله وتبين منه زوجته وتعتد عدة الوفاة وتقسم أمواله حال ردته بين ورثته ( الثاني ) - المرتد الملي وهو من أسلم عن كفر ثم ارتد ورجع اليه ، وهذا يستتاب ، فان تاب خلال ثلاثة أيام فهو وإلا قتل في اليوم الرابع . ولا تزول عنه أملاكه وينفسخ العقد بينه وبين زوجته وتعتد عدة المطلقة إذا كانت مدخولا بها .

[Follower of Ahlulbayt]

7 minutes ago, Hassan- said:

Sayed al khoei:

المرتد عبارة عمن خرج عن دين الاسلام، وهو قسمان: ( فطري ) و ( ملي ) : ( الاول ) - المرتد الفطري وهو الذي ولد على الاسلام من أبوين مسلمين أو من أبوين أحدهما مسلم ويجب قتله وتبين منه زوجته وتعتد عدة الوفاة وتقسم أمواله حال ردته بين ورثته ( الثاني ) - المرتد الملي وهو من أسلم عن كفر ثم ارتد ورجع اليه ، وهذا يستتاب ، فان تاب خلال ثلاثة أيام فهو وإلا قتل في اليوم الرابع . ولا تزول عنه أملاكه وينفسخ العقد بينه وبين زوجته وتعتد عدة المطلقة إذا كانت مدخولا بها .

brother is someone leaves islam privately does he deserved to be killed too? Please source scholars answering this questiom

[Qa'im]

This may answer your question: https://www.al-islam.org/articles/apostacy-islam-sayyid-muhammad-rizvi

Also, from a past post on the subject:

On 4/5/2016 at 8:11 PM, Qa'im said:

To properly deal with this question we have to understand the evolution of identity. 1400 years ago, there was no idea of a nation-state. If you were a Muslim, you were a citizen of the Islamic nation. Islam was the social fabric that became the foundation of ethics, law, economics, fashion, art, and communal relations. Islam was central to society, much more than the Constitution or the Bible was to America. In the United States, one who commits treason and betrays America is subject to the death penalty. Similarly, Islamic apostasy laws in essence are not to take the sword to all who blaspheme or have shortcomings in religion, but to those who are seen as combatants.

Women, children, the mentally ill, and non-Muslims are not subject to execution, no matter what they say about Islam. This punishment does not apply to them whatsoever.

As for mature sane men, who were usually military conscripts, one is only considered an apostate if he publicly condemns or fundamentally changes Islam. Once a public claim is made, it is investigated and he is asked to repent. He is separated from his wife, his property is divided up between his family, and he is given three days to repent. If he does not repent, he is killed on the fourth day.

Muslims who sin are not considered apostates - even if they don't pray, and commit all sins in private. Muslims of different schools are similarly not considered apostates. Even private apostates are not to be touched - only those who publicly renounce Islam and do not repent, because they advertise disobedience to God in His own society.

The Quran makes clear that faith is a personal choice, and so the apostasy laws are not about your personal faith, it is about bringing sin in the public sphere. It is similar with other crimes - people can fornicate and commit adultery, but once it becomes a public matter (i.e. 4 or more witnesses), it becomes a criminal offense against society as a whole. So an Islamic system does not allow public atheists, or claimants to prophethood, because they would be working against the Islamic project and waging ideological warfare.