When Did Ulama Start Allowing 3rd Shahada In Athan

[bi_ithnillaah]

(bismillah)

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As been stated on a few threads here on SC, our classical Shi'i scholars did not permit or did not include the third shahada in the athan/iqama. In the modern era we see the exact opposite with many of our scholars.

So, does anyone know when Shi'i scholars began allowing (or saying it's mustahab with niyya of qurba) the third shahada in athan/iqama? I am wondering if it was during the Safavid era (which would easily explain it's origins and motivations) or if it is even more recent, like the Pahlavi era.

If anyone has any sources, like citing scholars from the different time periods saying or not saying it in the athan, please post. And if anyone has any other resources to add, please share those as well. I am wanting to look at this historically inshaa Allah.

Thank you.

[Nader Zaveri]

(salam)

(bismillah)

So, does anyone know when Shi'i scholars began allowing (or saying it's mustahab with niyya of qurba) the third shahada in athan/iqama? I am wondering if it was during the Safavid era (which would easily explain it's origins and motivations) or if it is even more recent, like the Pahlavi era.

It was Shah Isma`il, leader of Safawid dynasty who said to first add the 3rd testimony in Adhaan. The first major scholar to add it was al-Majlisi I (Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi) in his RawDah al-Muttaqeen, vol. 2, pg. 245-246 also in his Persian commentary of Man Laa Yahduruh al-Faqeeh called Lawaam` Saahibaqaraani, vol. 3, pg. 565-567. According to his statements in these books, the wilaayah in the Adhaan was already prominent (because of Shah Isma`il's decree). al-Majlisi's I teacher stopped reciting the 3rd testimony in adhan, because of that he was being accused of being Sunni, so al-Majlisi I convinced him to do so. Then, his son al-Majlisi II (Muhammad Baaqir al-Majlisi) followed his dad's footsteps and tried to provide "proofs" for it in his magnum opus called Bihaar al-Anwaar.

The first one to say it is mustahab was al-Majlisi II, in his Bihaar al-Anwaar, vol. 81, pg. 111:

و أقول لا يبعد كون الشهادة بالولاية من الأجزاء المستحبة للأذان لشهادة الشيخ و العلامة و الشهيد و غيرهم

And I say: 'it is not improbable that the shahaadah of wilaayah is from the mustahab parts of the adhaan based off the testimony of al-Shaykh (al-Toosi), al-`Allaamah (al-Hilli), al-Shaheed (al-Thaani), and others'

The origins of the 3rd testimony in Adhaan can go all the way back to the year 291 AH. According to Ibn Nadim, Ahmad bin `Abd Allaah was the ruler of Shaam, and he ordered people to say 3rd testimony in Adhaan. (See: Ibn Nadim's al-Fihrist).

(salam)

Edited February 25, 2012 by Nader Zaveri

[Fink]

In other words,

It was made up and Muhhamed pbuhh had nothing to do with it. Now I don't quite understand how something made up can be mustahab

*Waits to be called a nasibi

Edited February 25, 2012 by Fink

[bi_ithnillaah]

Thank you Nader for your post.

Fink, did my post give any indication that I considered it mustahab? lol because if so, perhaps I should try not to be so diplomatic in my writing. My intention here though was for sources to be proved and alhamdulillah they have. If the truth is given, it's up to others to accept or reject it for themselves.

I am, however, wondering more about the Ahmad b. Abdullah who did that during the time of the minor occultation. Know of any ahadith from the Imam through his representatives regarding athan or third shahada generally?

[Ibn al-Hussain]

(salam)

Read this, you will find it relevant and interesting:

From Bida to Sunna: The Wilaya of Ali in the Shi'i Adhan by Dr. Liyakat Takim

A past thread that discusses this topic at length: Historicity Of Aliyyun Waliyullah

Wassalam

[Nader Zaveri]

(salam)

(bismillah)

The origins of the 3rd testimony in Adhaan can go all the way back to the year 291 AH. According to Ibn Nadim, Ahmad bin `Abd Allaah was the ruler of Shaam, and he ordered people to say 3rd testimony in Adhaan. (See: Ibn Nadim's al-Fihrist).

I am, however, wondering more about the Ahmad b. Abdullah who did that during the time of the minor occultation. Know of any ahadith from the Imam through his representatives regarding athan or third shahada generally?

Actually, don't quote me on that. I have read that somewhere, but I am trying to find that exact quote in Ibn Nadim's al-Fihrist, and I am not able to locate it.

(salam)

[siraatoaliyinhaqqun]

In other words,

It was made up and Muhhamed pbuhh had nothing to do with it. Now I don't quite understand how something made up can be mustahab

*Waits to be called a nasibi

No u won't be called nasibi for that but a literalist or muqassir so be prepared.

[bi_ithnillaah]

Read this, you will find it relevant and interesting:

From Bida to Sunna: The Wilaya of Ali in the Shi'i Adhan by Dr. Liyakat Takim

A past thread that discusses this topic at length: Historicity Of Aliyyun Waliyullah

æÚáíßã ÇáÓáÇã

Thanks. I already have the first one (but should probably take a look at I again) and I will check out the thread inshaa Allah.

Edited February 26, 2012 by bi_ithnillaah

[Ugly Jinn]

^ Just curious bi_ithnillaah, it says you are located in Qom, Iran, you are having problem getting an answer there?

[bi_ithnillaah]

I'm studying in hawza here and just started recently. So for one, my Farsi really isnt good enough to hold down a proper conversation on this topic yet. And two, even if my Farsi was very good, I wouldn't ask questions like that here anyway, at least not at this stage of my hawza studies. Until I have studied at least five years here (the length of a bachelor's at Jame'at al-Zahra, with classes that are mostly all introduction courses and Arabic grammar after Farsi), asking these sort of questions will only be perceived as a threat or that I am questioning the scholars and their intentions. I feel that asking questions like this will only burn bridges with those who potentially have the answers, because of the reasons mentioned above. And I'm not going to wait around 5 years to talk about this lol

[molaayi_from_lahore]

3rd shahada was always a part of the azaan from the prophet's time

[Alejandro Sosa]

3rd shahada was always a part of the azaan from the prophet's time

^ no it wasn't

[Haydar Husayn]

3rd shahada was always a part of the azaan from the prophet's time

Where did you hear this?

[Alejandro Sosa]

Usual [REMOVED]

Edited March 1, 2012 by Replicant
Name-calling

[AidAsSadik]

Salam alikum.Allah is One Who say that first in Quran :

"Your ally is none but Allah and [therefore] His Messenger and those who have believed - those who establish prayer and give zakah, and they bow [in worship](Surah Maida 55 ajah)

All allama sunni,and Shia agree that this ayah is published from Allah in honor of Ali a.s.Because he gave his ring to poor man when he was bowing on Salat.

[AidAsSadik]

Imams a.s practiced as well!

Imam Sadik Jafar ibn Muhammed alejhissellam was asked:Can names of Imams a.s be said in Salat.Imam a.s reply :" Say them beautifully"

Imam Askari Hasan ibn Ali alejhissellam said :When someone send salawat on Ali a.s on Salat,Allah s.v.t send salavat on him,and guarantees him,Ali's intercede for him (Biharu-l-Anvar)

Imam Bakir Muhammad ibn Ali alejhissellam about that said : This permission(to recite) was granted on day of Ghadir-e-Khum

For me no doubt about that saying Ali'Waliullah in salat,azan,or any other way is wajib,but,Allah know the best.

[Your-Best-Friend]

3^RD TESTIMONY IN AZAAAN AND IQAAMAH = BIDDAH (INNOVATION)

Maula Muhammad Baqir ASWS said:

The Adhaan and the Iqaamah have 35 characters/parts, just check it by his hand one by one, the adhaan has 18 characters/parts and the Iqaamah has 17 characters/parts."

Source:

· Al-Kaafi, Al-Kulaynee, vol. 3, pg. 302 - 303, hadeeth # 3

Grading:

· Al-Majlisi has said this hadeeth is Muwwaththaq (Reliable)

--> Mir'aat Al-'Uqool, vol. 15, pg. 82

Sheikh Sudooq AR said:

This is the Authentic / Correct (SaHeeH) adhaan; nothing is to be added or subtracted from it. The mufawwidah's (form of ghullah), may Allaah curse them, have fabricated traditions and have added to the adhaan مُحَمَّدٌ وَ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ خَيْرُ الْبَرِيَّةِ (Muhammad and the family of Muhammad are the best of mankind) twice. In some of their traditions, after saying أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اللَّهِ (I bear witness that Muhammad is the Prophet of Allaah) (they add) أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً وَلِيُّ اللَّهِ (I bear witness that 'Alee is the Walee of Allaah) twice. Among them there are others who narrate this أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (I bear witness that 'Alee is the commander of the faithfull) twice. There is NO doubt that 'Alee is the walee of God and that he is the true commander of the faithful and that Muhammad and his family, peace be upon them, are the best of creatures. However, that is not [part] of the original adhaan. I have mentioned this so that those who have been accused of concocting tafweed and have insulated themselves in our ranks should be known."

Source:

1. Al-Sadooq, Man Laa YaHduruh Al-Faqeeh, vol. 1, pg. 290 - 291

Sheikh Mufeed AR said:

And the Adhaan & Iqaamah has 35 parts, the Adhaan has 18 parts and the Iqaamah has 17 parts"

Source:

1. Al-Mufeed, Al-Muqnee'ah, vol. 1, pg. 100

Sheikh Toosi AR said:

The are some odd (shaadh) reports of saying أشهد انّ عليا وليّ اللّه and آل محمّد خير البريّة. You must NOT do it in the Adhaan and Iqaamah. And whoever does this action is in mukhTi (error)"

Source:

1. Al-Toosi, Al-Nihaayah fee Mujarrad Al-Fiqh wa Al-Fataawaa, pg. 69

Sheikh Toosi AR said:

It is not from amongst the faDeelah (recommended parts) of Adhaan and it doesn't make it more complete (Kaamil)

Source:

1. Al-Toosi, Al-MabsooT fee Fiqh Al-Imaamiyyah, vol. 1, pg. 99

Allama Muhaqqiq Hillee AR said:

The adhaan has 18 parts: Takbeer 4 times, Witnessing to Tawheed, (Witnessing) to the Prophethood, Hayya 'Ala Salaah, Hayyah 'Ala FlaaH, Hayyah 'Ala Khayrul 'Amal, Takbeer all of these have to be done twice.

Source:

1. Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hillee, Sharaa-'i Al-Islaam Fee Masaa-il Al-Halaal wa Al-Haraam, vol. 1, pg. 65

Allama Muhaqqiq Hillee AR said:

And anything that is added to this (adhaan & iqaamah) is a bid'ah"

Source:

1. Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hillee, Al-Mu'tabar fee sharH Al-MukhtaSar, pg. 141

Allama Hillee AR said:

And it is NOT permissible to say إن عليا ولي اللَّه and آل محمد خير البرية since there is no ruling for it in the sharee'ah"

Source:

1. 'Allaamah Hilli, Nihaayah Al-aHkaam fee ma'rifah al-aHkaam, vol. 1, pg. 412

Allama Shaheed Al-Awwal AR said:

It is NOT permissible to believe in the legitimacy of Witnessing the Wilaayah of 'Alee and "Muhammad wa Aalih Khayrul Bariyyah" in the adhaan and iqaamah, even though these events are factual!

Source:

1. Shaheed Al-Awwal, Al-Lum'ah Al-Dimashqiyyah, pg. 37

Allama Shaheed-us-Saani AR said:

It is NOT permissible to believe in legitimacy of other parts in adhaan and iqaamah, like witnessing to wilaayah of 'Alee and "muhammad wa aalihi khayrul bariyyah". As not EVERY factual reality can be inserted into the legally prescribed rituals ('ibaadaat), specified by the Allaah ÓÈÍÇäå æÊÚÇáì, since inserting theses things will be regarded as bi'dah and legislation, similar to addition of a rak'ah or tashahhud or alike things to the acts of worship ('ibaadaat)"

Source:

1. Shaheed Al-Thaanee, Al-RawDah Al-Bahiyyah fee SharH Al-Lum'ah Al-Dimashqiyyah, vol. 1, pg. 70

2. Shaheed Al-Thaanee, Al-RawDah Al-Bahiyyah fee SharH Al-Lum'ah Al-Dimashqiyyah, vol. 1, pg. 573

3. Muhammad Jawaad Mughniyyah, Fiqh Al-Imaam Al-Saadiq, vol. 1, pg. 175

Allama Shaheed-us-Saani AR said:

And addition (to the adhaan & iqaamah) of عليّاً وليّ اللّه and آل محمّد خير البريّة is a bid'ah and the narrations regarding it (3rd testimony) is mawDoo' (fabricated)."

Source:

1. Shaheed Al-Thaanee, Al-RawDah Al-Jinaan fee sharH Irshaad Al-Adhhaan, vol. 2, pg. 646

Allama Muqaddas Ardbeli AR said:

Since the shee'ahs condemn the 2nd ('Umar) for adding to the Adhaan that wasn't during the time of the Prophet, it is improper for them to emulate such an act (by adding the 3rd testimony).

Source:

1. Al-Muqqadis Al-Ardabillee (d. 993 AH), Majma' Al-Faa-idah wa Al-Burhaan fee SharH Irshaad Al-Adhhaan, vol. 2, pg. 181

[Elmaddin al-Rafidhi]

(salam)

(bismillah)

It was Shah Isma`il, leader of Safawid dynasty who said to first add the 3rd testimony in Adhaan. The first major scholar to add it was al-Majlisi I (Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi) in his RawDah al-Muttaqeen, vol. 2, pg. 245-246 also in his Persian commentary of Man Laa Yahduruh al-Faqeeh called Lawaam` Saahibaqaraani, vol. 3, pg. 565-567. According to his statements in these books, the wilaayah in the Adhaan was already prominent (because of Shah Isma`il's decree). al-Majlisi's I teacher stopped reciting the 3rd testimony in adhan, because of that he was being accused of being Sunni, so al-Majlisi I convinced him to do so.

(salam)

What is the source of it?

[abduljabbar]

salamun alaikum

 

there are various instances where opinions of fuqaha have shifted over the centuries

this is one of them

however, this does not mean that the 3rd shahadah was unheard of before the safawid period

sayyid murtadha r.a. and sheikh tusi r.a. sanctioned the 3rd shahadah, although they didn't show so much keenness about it