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All descendants of Sayyid Muhammad Al-Makki/Mahmud Al-Makki who came from Mashhad to Sindh in the seventh century, please contact me at hasalnaqawi@gmail.com. This is because we are conducting a study and collecting family trees. Thank you very much and a special thanks to the admins of this website for allowing this thread.

Atheists or agnostics state that there no evidence for the existence of Allah! In epistemology, the knowledge is divided into "empirical" (acquired) and "intuitive" and the latter features infallibility. For example, our knowledge of ourselves is undeniable. In Islamic philosophy, it is proved that the creatures' knowledge of the creator (Allah) is intuitive NOT empirical. However, this paper attempts to offer a practical solution for this conflict. First, I would like to draw your attention to 1 Quranic verse as well as 2 narrations as follows: We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. But is it not sufficient concerning your Lord that He is, over all things, a Witness? سَنُرِ‌يهِمْ آيَاتِنَا فِي الْآفَاقِ وَفِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ ۗ أَوَلَمْ يَكْفِ بِرَ‌بِّكَ أَنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ - 41:53 Qarai Translation: Soon We shall show them Our signs in the horizons and in their own souls until it becomes clear to them that He is the Real. Is it not sufficient that your Lord is witness to all things? Note: according to Al-Mizan, the word "شهید" in this verse is meant to be "مشهود" (witnessed) NOT "شاهد" (witness). Hence, the translation is "Is it not sufficient that your Lord is witnessed by all things". فَبَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رُسُلَهُ وَ وَاتَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْبِيَاءَهُ لِيَسْتَأْدُوهُمْ مِيثَاقَ فِطْرَتِهِ وَ يُذَكِّرُوهُمْ مَنْسِيَّ نِعْمَتِهِ وَ يَحْتَجُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ بِالتَّبْلِيغِ وَ يُثِيرُوا لَهُمْ دَفَائِنَ‏ الْعُقُول‏ ... Then Allah sent His Messengers ... to unveil the treasures (the hiddens) of intellects (Aql) Nahjul Balagha, Sermon 1 مَنْ‏ عَرَفَ‏ نَفْسَهُ‏ فَقَدْ عَرَفَ‏ رَبَّه‏ Whoever knows hisself, knows his lord. Misbah al-Shariah The practical solution is ATTENTION. It is needless to say that attention is required for intuitive knowledge. Thus, one may ignore an intuitive fact for lack of ATTENTION. For example, everyone has intuitive knowledge of him self which is referred to by the pronoun "I", but during talking to someone, one has no attention to him self or everyone have intuitive knowledge of his feelings (pain, happiness, hunger etc.) and one who is in pain (e. g. toothache), feels nothing during facing a scary scene or vice versa, one feels the pain as soon as he pays attention to his tooth. Therefore, we come to this conclusion: The more I pay attention, the more I know AND the less I pay attention, the less I know There are so many facts which are ignored, unfortunately, for lack of attention and by the grace of Allah, I am going to mention some of them as follows: - By attention, we know that the antecedent of pronoun "I" is beyond the flesh (face, hands, chest etc.) and we cannot say "I" referring to the flesh. - By attention, we know that our existence is not independent . - By attention, we know that our existence relies on something (which is not clear at this level) The more we pay attention, the more we know that thing (Allah the almighty). May Allah help us complement this spiritual journey.