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Martyrdom of Imam Ali (as) After the Battle of Nahrawan, 'Ali (a) tried again to mobilize the Iraqis for a battle against the Syria army. However, none except a few accompanied him. On the other hand, Mu'awiya, who was aware of the situation in Iraq and their passivity, invaded regions under 'Ali's control (a) and attempted to debilitate his power by invading Iraq. On the morning after he was struck by a sword on his head (before his demise), 'Ali (a) said: "May God grant me better than them (people) and appoint worse than me over them." Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 70, p. 53. On the morning of Ramadan 19, 40/January 29, 661, (during the days in which 'Ali (a) was mobilizing an army for Siffin), he was struck with a sword by Abd al-Rahman b. Muljam al-Muradi and died from its injury two days later. Historical accounts have reported the collaboration of three Kharijites in an attempt to kill three individuals: 'Ali (a), Mu'awiya, and 'Amr b. al-'As. Some accounts have also mentioned the role of a woman named Qutam in this assassination, however, this seems to be more of an embellishment as opposed to fact. The children of 'Ali (a) i.e. al-Hasan (a), al-Husayn (a), and Muhammad b. al-Hanfiyya, accompanied by 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far buried him in Ghariyyayn (present day Najaf) and hid his grave.[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad, al-Irshad, vol. 1, p. 27-28 ] This was because if the Banu Umayya or the Kharijites knew about his burial place, they would exhume his body and treat it with disrespect.[Sayyid b. Tawus, Farhat al-ghari, p. 93; al-Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-anwar, vol. 42, p. 222 ] Will and Advice There are a few hadiths narrated from 'Ali (a) that contain to his advice to his children with regards to his funeral rites: the way of his burial, ablution, shrouding and the performing of prayers over his body.[Al-Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-anwar, vol. 36, p. 5 ] He also asked them to hide his tomb and to keep its location a secret.[Al-Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-anwar, vol. 42, p. 290 ] When he was wounded by Ibn Muljam, 'Ali (a) advised his sons, al-Hasan and al-Husayn: "I advise you (both) to fear Allah and not to pursue the (pleasures of this) world even though they may run after you. Do not be sad over anything of this world that you have been denied. Speak the truth and act (in expectation) for reward [from God]. Be an enemy of the oppressor and a helper of the oppressed. I advise you (both), all my children, all members of my family, and everyone that my writing may reach: to fear Allah, to keep your affairs in order, and to maintain good relations amongst yourselves- for I have heard your grand-father [the noble Prophet (s)] saying, "Solving disagreements is better than years of praying and fasting." (Fear) Allah (and) keep Allah in mind with regards to orphans. Do not allow them to starve and they should not be harmed in your presence. (Fear) Allah (and) keep Allah in mind with regards to your neighbours, because they were a subject of the Prophet's advice. He would advise extensively in their favour such that we thought he would allow them a share in inheritance. (Fear) Allah (and) keep Allah in mind with regards to the Qur'an. No one should surpass you when acting in accordance to it. (Fear) Allah (and) keep Allah in mind with regards to prayer, because it is the pillar of your religion. (Fear) Allah (and) keep Allah in mind with regards to your Lord's House (the Ka'ba). Do not forsake it as long as you live, because if it is abandoned, you will not be spared. (Fear) Allah (and) keep Allah in mind with regards to the Jihad by helping with your property, lives and tongues in the way of Allah. You should have respect for kinship and spend for others. Don't turn away from one another and don't sever relationships. Do not cease bidding good and forbidding from evil, lest the mischievous dominate you. And then [after this], if you will pray, yor prayers will not be granted. Then he said: O' sons of 'Abd al-Muttalib, certainly I do not wish to see you plunging harshly into the blood of Muslims shouting "'Amir al-Mu'minin has been killed!". Beware, do not kill anyone because of me except for my killer. Wait until I have died by his (Ibn Muljam's) strike. Then, strike him once for his strike on me, and do not dismember his limbs, for I have heard the Messenger of Allah (s) saying, "Avoid cutting limbs even if it is a rabid dog."[Nahj al-balagha, letter. 47 ] Hiding the Tomb 'Ali (a) asked for his tomb to be hidden because he was worried that the Kharijites and the hypocrites would exhume and vandalize his body.[Al-Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-anwar, vol. 42, p. 328; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad, al-Irshad, vol. 1, p. 10 ] Only his children and a few companions knew of his burial place. It wasn't until the era of al-Mansur al-'Abbasi in 135/753, when Imam al-Sadiq (a) revealed that the location of his grave was in Najaf.[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad, al-Irshad, vol. 1, p. 13 ] Source: http://en.wikishia.net/view/Imam_'Ali_b._Abi_Talib_(a)#Martyrdom

Whay happend when Imam Ali (as) became a calipha of Muslims? We're sunni and Shia together in one ummah?

(bismillah) [Describing the event of Martyrdom of Imam Ali (as)]: And Jibreel called out from between the sky and the earth, and all who were awake heard him: "By Allah, the pillars of guidance have been demolished. The stars of the sky and signs of the pious have been extinguished. By Allah, the rope of Allah has been cut. The cousin of Mohammad al-Mustafa has been killed. The guardian al-Mujtaba has been killed. Ali al-Murtaza (as) has been killed. By Allah the chief of the guardians has been killed. He was killed by the most wretched of all the wretched." When Umm-Kulsoom (sa) heard the announcement of Jibraeel , She hit her face and her cheek, tore the side of her dress and screamed ‘O Father, O Ali (as), O Mohammad (saw), O Sayyedah (sa). .. ونادى جبرئيل عليه السلام بين السماء والارض بصوت يسمعه كل مستيقظ: " تهدمت والله أركان الهدى، وانطمست والله نجوم السماء و أعلام التقى، وانفصمت والله العروة الوثقى، قتل ابن عم محمد المصطفى، قتل الوصي المجتبى، قتل علي المرتضى، قتل والله سيد الاوصياء، قتله أشقى الاشقياء " قال: فلما سمعت ام كلثوم نعي جبرئيل فلطمت على وجهها وخدها وشقت جيبها و صاحت: وا أبتاه وا علياه وامحمداه واسيداه [source: Bihar al-Anwar, Vol, 42, Pg. 282] http://www.marefateahlebait.com/husain-and-karbala/hitting-ones-self

حَدَّثَنا تَمِيمُ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّه بْنِ تَمِيمُ القُرَشِي قالَ حَدَّثَني أَبي، عَن أَحْمَدِ بْنِ عَلِى الأَنْصـارِي عَنْ أَبي الصَّـلْتِ الهَرَوِيِّ قـالَ: قَـالَ الْمَـأْمُونُ يَوْماً لِلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ: يَا أَبَاالْحَسَنِ أَخْبِرْنِي، عَن جَدِّكَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ بِأَيِّ وَجْهٍ هُوَقَسِيمُ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَبِأَيِّ مَعْنَى فَقَدْ كَثُرَ فِكْرِي فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلَمْ تُرْوَعَنْ أَبِيكَ، عَن آبَائِهِ، عَن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ يَقُولُ حُبُّ عَلِيٍّ إِيمَانٌ وَبُغْضُهُ كُفْرٌ فَقَالَ بَلَى فَقَالَ الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَقِسْمَةُ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَلَى حُبِّهِ وَبُغْضِهِ فَهُوَقَسِيمُ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ فَقَالَ الْمَأْمُونِ لا أَبْقَانِيَ اللَّهُ بَعْدَكَ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ وَارِثُ عِلْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ‏ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ قَالَ أَبُو الصَّلْتِ الْهَرَوِيُّ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ الرِّضَا إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ أَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ مَا أَحْسَنَ مَا أَجَبْتَ بِهِ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ لِي الرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ إِنَّمَا كَلَّمْتُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ هُوَوَلَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ، عَن آبَائِهِ، عَن عَلِيٍ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ أَنَّهُ قالَ: قالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ‏ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ‏يَا عَلِيُّ أَنْتَ قَسِيمُ الْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ تَقُولُ لِلنَّارِ هَذَا لِي وَهَذَا لَكَ Tamim ibn Abdullah ibn Tamim al-Qurashi narrated that his father quoted on the authority of Ahmad ibn Ali Al-Ansari, that Abi Salt al-Harawi said, “One day Al-Mamun told Al-Reza (s): "O Abal Hassan Al-Reza (s)! Tell me, why is it that your grandfather Ali - the Commander of the Faithful (s) became the one to divide up Paradise and Hell. What is meant by this? I have thought a lot about this." Then Al-Reza (s) told him, Has it not been narrated by your father, on the authority of your forefathers, on the authority of Abdullah ibn Abbas to have said that he had heard God’s Prophet (s) say, "Liking Ali is the same as faith, and despising him is the same as Kufr (disbelief)." Al-Mamun said, "Yes." Then Al-Reza (s) added, “Therefore, he is the one who divides up Paradise and Hell as it is loving him which equals faith, and despising him which equals atheism.” Then Al-Ma’mun said, "O Abal Hassan (Al-Reza)! May God not let me live after you! I testify that you are the inheritor of the knowledge of God’s Prophet (s)." Abi Salt (al-Harawi) added, "When Al-Reza (s) returned home, I went to see him (s) and said, “O son of God’s Prophet! How nice did you respond to al-Mamun's question!" Al-Reza (s) said, "O Aba Salt! I answered him using the same way that he was reasoning. I heard my father (s) narrate on the authority of his forefathers (s), on the authority of Ali (s) that Gods Prophet (s) told him, "O Ali! You are the one to divide up Paradise and Fire on the Resurrection Day. You will tell the fire, this is for Me (leave it) and this is for You (take it)." [source: Uyun al-Akhbar Al-Reza, Chapter. 32, Hadees. 30] This narration is a great piece of show of Hikmat by Imam Ali bin Musa Al-Reza (as). Such narration can come only from a true successor of Prophet Muhammad (sa). The last piece of narration is in direct conformity with the narration of Prophet Muhammat (saww) as below: قال حدثني المظفر بن محمد الوراق قال حدثنا أبو علي محمد بن همام قال حدثنا أبو سعيد الحسن بن زكريا البصري قال حدثنا عمر بن المختار قال حدثنا أبو محمد البرسي عن النضر بن سويد عن عبد الله بن مسكان عن أبي بصير عن أبي جعفر محمد الباقر عن آبائه ع قال قال رسول الله ص كيف بك يا علي إذا وقفت على شفير جهنم و قد مد الصراط و قيل للناس جوزوا و قلت لجهنم هذا لي و هذا لك فقال علي ع يا رسول الله و من أولئك قال أولئك شيعتك معك حيث كنت http://www.marefateahlebait.com/Hadees-on-marefat/reasons-for-various-things/imam-ali-will-divide-paradise-hell