Salam, As a member just mentioned, these severe punishments have been mentioned in Christianity and Judaism also. Of course we can't deny this, it is within the Sharia and shouldn't shy away from explaining it. Stoning isn't in the Qur'an but rather, lashing for adultery etc. I'm not knowledgable enough to confidently say how far scholars have derived stoning from ahadith and whether it is contested or not. So for the sake of the lashes which is in there, then I say the following: The important thing to remember when explaining to people who do not understand this concept is that as Muslims, we find stoning, lashes etc just as severe. Now depending on the country and its system, the implementation of the Sharia can vary. Understandably, Western liberal notions have 'securitized' fundamentals of Islamic Law for their benefit, and sensationalized concepts which are the last resort. Things like stoning, burqa, lashes, punishment. They are all hard concepts to understand in democratic societies which assume Islam to be backward and against their social, economic and political norms. For example divorce. The steps to divorce someone, whether it be talaq or khula, are there because they are a deterrent to fully going ahead with a divorce. Allah swt has shown two people in a marriage the turmoil in seeking a divorce especially if it is absolutely unnecessary. Likewise with punishment as stated in the Qur'an. There has to be witnesses, there has to be justification. At the end of the day these are deterrents, as are the descriptions of Hell to the believers and disbelievers. Allah swt does not wish any of these punishments against His creation. When explaining this to someone, you need to highlight that within every religion there is a corresponding set of punishment that are a. the last resort and b. varying in implementation especially regarding what context the person is in. The beauty of Islam within Western legal frameworks is that it doesn't denote parading around this concept of capital punishment and it's the people who do so which feed the fire in Western media. You can't implement the punishment if you are not under a COMPLETE, ABSOLUTE Sharia government. This is the best that I can explain it. At the end of the day it is contextual, dependent on government & implementation and most importantly, a deterrent to what is forbidden & disliked by Allah swt. WS! :)