condensed idea.... 1- The opposite of 'Iman' = Kufr 1.1 The opposite of 'Shukr' = Kufr Meaning-Ingratitude is the essence of Kufr. "Kafir literally means "one who conceals the truth". Know, how can they ^ emerge? My question is, how can a person conceal the truth, while knowing that He will be in loss for eternal? I doubt anyone can. Except a person who doesn't know what is the " truth". Therefore, making him not a kaffir. You cover when you know what to cover, but how can one cover when they don't know what to cover? Firstly, What is your definition of ' rational understanding'? Secondly,