407 replies to this topic

[Al-Afza]

Son of Placid, on 01 September 2010 - 02:17 AM, said:

It is noted that the Phillistines were a rather large people, are the Palistines in general over 6ft tall?
I think I need some fire baked bricks so I can get the bike in the garage. The cement ramp didn't last very long.

Noted by whom ?

More Occidentals of ancient & medieval Europe that have re-written & re-invented a history that is not really theirs to begin with: the history of the Middle Eastern people ?

For one, the Philistines were NOT an Aegean people. Their very appellation indicates this. And hypothetically, if they were, this would have made them closely related to the ancient Greeks...

The Ashkenazis/Khazars that have "founded" the modern day State of Israel, which nearly all Ashkenazis and practically the entire world mispronounce as I-Z-R-I-E-L, happens to be the appellation of the Archangel of Death--Izrail [Aramaic/Arabic] or Azrael [Hebrew].

Israil [properly pronounced I-SSS-R-A-EE-L] was the titular name or laqab of Grand Sheikh Yaqub Israil of Madyan[Midian], NW Arabia.

Let's face it, the "Israelis" are wannabe Middle Easterners, and that is all they have ever been. Just like the cliche of the imposters or pretenders to the throne who loathe the rightful heirs and unlawfully banish them, unjustly imprison them, or horribly mistreat them.

But the historical facts are that our Ashkenazi brethren have nothing at all to be in denial of since they really are the descendants of the mythogenic Trojans of Troy. The survivors of the siege and utter destruction of Troy, Anatolia, DID NOT head for Italy but headed East to the Ukraine. There is historical evidence to support this. The very appellation Ascanius or Ashkenaz happened to be the names of three separate legendary Trojans. The Trojans evolved into the Scythians or Skuza/Ashkuzain/Ashkenaz, who in turn evolved into the Khazars. Just like the North Sumerians evolved into the Akkadians, who then evolved into the Assyro-Babylonians or Assyrians, who in turn evolved into the Chaldeans or Neo-Babylonians. The one specialty that was the mark of the Trojans was that they were exceptional goldsmiths & silversmiths. This distinct craft was passed down to when they evolved into Scythians/Ashkenazis and later Khazars.

Another key link between the Trojans and the Scythians was that they were excellent archers and arrowsmiths. The appellation of Scythia is a corruption of Skuza = Archer. The legendary Paris, son of King Priam, was a superb archer, as were the three legendary Trojans named Ascanius[Ashkenaz]: two of whom were Ascanius, son of King Priam & brother of Paris and Ascanius, son of Aeneas. Lake Iznik in modern day Turkey was formerly Lake Ascania [Askenazi in medieval Turkic, not modern Turkish], as it was named in honor of either Ascanius, son of Priam or Ascanius, son of Aeneas.

Consequently, the ancient Roman claim that their founding fathers Romolo and Remo were the direct descendants of Trojan prince Aeneas is a colossal fallacy. The Roman claim of being direct descendants of the Trojans was false. However, it was not surprising because the Trojans of Anatolia[Turkey] once fully dominated the entire Aegean Sea and were the envy of the comparatively backward Greek states. The Trojans were pure Anatolians just as the Romans were pure Italians. The Hatti or Hittites were also pure Anatolians just as the Etrurians or Etruscans were also pure Italians.

And yes, the Trojans and their direct descendants have a history of being expelled from their homelands: first from Troy, Anatolia[Turkey] by the Greeks; then from Scythia/Khazaria[Ukraine] by the Kievan Rus & the Mongols.

Also, in the Greek language Old Testament book of the Septuagint, the Hebrew language Ashkenaz, son of Gomer, son of Japheth, son of Noah, is written as Ascanias [spelled Ascanius in Latin]. Just as Elijah [pronounced Eli-yah] is written as Elias; Zachariah is written as Zacharias; Moshe is written as Moses; etc. ...

The idea that the Messiah Isa/Jesus, like the prophets Ibrahim/Abraham, Ishaq/Isaac, Yaqub/Jacob, Musa/Moses, etc., actually wore a "towel" over his head is the Western world's WORST NIGHTMARE...

Oh BTW, you missed another lively special guest appearance by our old buddy Mohalamine...

Edited by Al-Afza, 02 September 2010 - 12:58 AM.

[Al-Afza]

Footnote:

From multitudes of cult worship that developed during the Feudal Age of ancient Egypt (c.5000-4000 B.C.), three emerged as the primary ones: the cult of Nekhen(Hawk); the cult of Bjt(Bee); and the cult of Uat(Reed). During that age in world history, the main difference between a religious cult and an organized religion was that the religious cult was exclusively comprised of rites/rituals and myths/folklore. However, when Nabih Yusuf/Usir[Osiris] introduced organized religion to ancient Egypt with monotheism (and its subtradition monolatry), this brought the concepts of religious doctrine/philosophy and religious law/ethics. The introduction of these specific aspects is what qualified the term of organized religion, which differentiated it from just cult worship that exclusively constituted myths and rituals. Later, when ancient Egypt reverted to polytheism and idolatry, it incorporated the religious dimensions of doctrine/philosopy and law/ethics that were introduced to Egypt in the ideology of monotheism by Nabih Yusuf/Usir[Osiris]. However, these dimensions were not incorporated into Egypt's polytheist and idolatrous religious cults but in the separate body of monarchical administration. Ancient Egypt's religious cults remained status quo, being exclusively comprised of rites/rituals and myths/folklore.

Also, King Mena[Everlasting] was entitled Nar-Mer[Angry Catfish] one year after he initiated the 2-year war of attrition to annex Lower Egypt, which was ruled by the Bani Israil proto-dynasty.

[Al-Afza]

The only way to confirm that Pharaoh Khufu was the Firaun of the Holy Qur'an (the Pharaoh of both the Oppression and the Exodus) is to find his tomb intact. The same goes for the confirmation of Nabih Yusuf/Joseph being the deified Usir(Osiris). Nabih Yusuf's real tomb has to be found intact, which I propose is somewhere in the Nile Delta in Egypt. The Holy Qur'an makes absolutely no mention of Nabih Yusuf's corpse being taken out of Egypt by the Bani Israil. As for Khufu's tomb, I had already posted a proposed possible location one year ago (which I had emailed to Dr. Zahi Hawass & Dr. Salim Ikram) :

THE SPACE IN BETWEEN THE TWO BOAT PITS AT THE SOUTHERN END OF THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA or AKHET-KHUFU (HORIZON OF KHUFU).

Edited by Al-Afza, 04 September 2010 - 11:07 PM.

[Al-Afza]

After doing some research regarding the Nabih Yusuf-Osiris connection, I just ran into this very interesting piece just today...Thought, I'd post it.

From Louis H. Feldman's Josephus' Interpretation Of The Bible, I found an annotation that caught my interest. I found it while browsing Wikipedia and had come up with the legend of Osarseph. This name was adapted into Yusarsif, the Egyptian name of Nabih Yusuf in the classic Iranian (IRIB) TV mini-series Prophet Youssef starring Mostafa Zamani in the title role and diva Kayatoun Reyahi as Zulaykha. From Temple of Ra high priest Manetho, Osarseph was a figure from ancient Egyptian folklore. Author Reinach in 1895 first equated the name Osarseph as a fusion of Osiris and Joseph; the second author to do so was Tcherikover in 1959.

I'm digging deeper to find others, aside from myself, who made any kind of connection between the persona of Prophet Yusuf(Joseph) and the deified Usir(Osiris). Finding the above information is a HUGE breakthrough for me...

However, I am almost POSITIVE that Nabih Yusuf(Joseph) was most definitely a predynastic, pre-pharaonic ruler of ancient Egypt who was later deified as Usir(Osiris).

Edited by Al-Afza, 12 September 2010 - 10:52 PM.

[Al-Afza]

If I were going to look for the tomb of the historical Osiris or Usir, to prove he was none other than Patriarch Joseph/Yusuf, I would begin to look at his ancient predynastic capital in the Nile Delta. Specifically, the city of Busiris (aka Andjet).

I would not begin at Abusir in Middle Egypt where the 14 pyramids of the 5th Dynasty were built and which also houses the famous Temple of Osiris. The appellation Ab-Usir or Bu-Siri literally stands for Place Of Usir(Osiris).

Because of the later myth and legend of the death and resurrection of Osiris(Usir) :

[From Ottar Vendel's The Spirits Of Nature-Religion Of The Egyptians]

Isis put the body of her dead husband in a coffin and had nineteen identical coffins made in which she put duplicates. Priest from Egypt's twenty biggest towns then were given one each and could all thereafter claim that they had Osiris' tomb in their town. Thus many places in Egypt were (and still are) called Abusir - the place of Osiris.


The one specific place to begin looking for the burial site of not only Nabih Yusuf and his spouse Lady Iset/Isis (Asenath) or Meshkenet, but Nabih Yaqub Israil & his spouse and the Sons of Israil (Bani Israil) along with their immediate families :

The northern end of the 9th Nome or District, at the ruins of the city of Andjet or Busiris--Capital of Predynastic Lower Egypt.

Edited by Al-Afza, 17 October 2010 - 11:06 PM.

[Al-Afza]

A little note on the Khepresh or Blue Crown of ancient pharaonic Egypt: It used to be held that this crown was a ceremonial war crown that was first worn by Pharaoh Amunhotep III of the 18th Dynasty in the New Kingdom period. However, a 13th Dynasty Karnak stela of Pharaoh Neferhotep III identifies him wearing a Khepresh (Blue Crown). The origins of the Khepresh (from my research & study) date back to predynastic Egypt of when the Three Kingdoms were established. The Khepresh or Blue Crown was the royal crown of the Bee Kings of Middle Egypt. There is actually a statue of Khufu which depicts him wearing the Khepresh which places the Blue Crown during the 4th Dynasty. Khufu wore it when he drowned at the terminus of the Pelusiac pursuing the Bani Israil tribe. It was not worn again until the 13th Dynasty. The Khepresh had gone through some modifications in its physical design during the 18th Dynasty. There were disc-shaped patterns added to it and it also had an alternate shortened version, not to mention the uraeus (serpent pendant) was added to it as well.


The Khepresh or Blue Crown worn by Pharaoh Khufu [this 4th Dynasty limestone crowned head of Khufu has often been mistaken for the Hedjet or White Crown of Upper Egypt]:



Also, an upward photo angle of the Seshep-Ankh(Great Sphinx) which clearly shows that it never contained a beard: Pharaoh Khufu was never depicted wearing a beard.

Edited by Al-Afza, 06 November 2010 - 04:41 PM.

[Al-Afza]

[Amendment]

From further research and study, I concluded that after the hijrah(exodus) from Pharaonic Egypt, Nabih Musa and the Bani Israil had headed for the city of Jericho(Yareah). They DID NOT head for Midian(Madyan). I was in error about Midian being under Sumerian control. Sumerian garrisons did not extend that far out into Arabian territory. In concurrence with the Quranic verses regarding the proposed annexation of Jericho by Nabih Musa, the Bani Israil refused this order. Even with stalwarts Yusha bin Nun and Kilab volunteering to lead the capture of Jericho, the Bani Israil refused. It was at this critical moment that the brothers Musa and Harun parted ways with the Bani Israil for good. The Bani Israil then lived as pastoral nomads for 40 years before they finally settled in North Syria at Ebla. It is important to note that the city-state of Jericho(Yareah) was THE ONLY indigenous inland urban settlement of Palestine during circa 2600 B.C.; it was also one of ONLY TWO urban settlements period of ancient Palestine(Philistia); the other Palestinian(Philistine) urban settlement being the coastal city of Canaan(Kinanah), which was later renamed Gaza by the ancient Egyptians that annexed it. The rest of the land was filled with pastoral nomads that were the native Philistines. It would take another millennium before simple village settlements were first established that were scattered throughout Palestine(Philistia). The indigenous Palestinian(Philistine) settlement of Jericho(Yareah) dates back to its inception circa 9000 B.C., while the other indigenous Palestinian(Philistine) settlement of Canaan(Kinanah) dates back to its inception circa 3000 B.C. The ancient Sumerians called Palestine(Philistia) Palusata; the ancient Egyptians called it Peleset; the ancient Akkadians called it Palastu.

Also, Nabih Musa had began the departure from the Nile Delta in Egypt at night, following the Pelusiac branch of the Nile to its terminus. The plan was to cross the Pelusiac during the daytime via the ferries sent forth a few days ahead to await their arrival at the terminus. It would have been too risky and dangersous to cross the Pelusiac at night where the Bani Israil were encamped in the Delta. Crossing it during the daytime for all of Khufu's supporters to see was also out of the question. The only logical plan was to depart at night when all were asleep so they could get a good head start...To safely cross during daytime--the Pelusiac--at its terminus into the Mediterranean Sea and follow the traditional Mediterranean coastline into Palestine and the settlement of Jericho(Yareah).

In the Holy Quran, the hijrah or exodus of Nabih Musa and the Bani Israil includes the narrative of the coastal city of Kinanah(Canaan) or Gaza City enroute to Yareah(Jericho). Even though neither Kinanah(Gaza City) or Jericho are actually mentioned by name in the Holy Quran, their description and locale are blatantly obvious. The Quranic Surah 52 entitled At-Tur (The Mountain) has ERRONEOUSLY been identified as Egypt's alleged Mount Sinai where Nabih Musa recieved the Kitabullah Taurat(Torah). However, the REAL At-Tur is the highest [818 meters/2,683 feet] of the 3 peaks that make up the Mount Of Olives (Jabal Az-Zaytun). It is still called AT-TUR till today ! That is where Nabih Musa received the Taurat(Torah) tablets. Consequently, in Judeo-Moslem tradition, the At-Tur peak of the Mount Of Olives is the fabled mount...NOT the supposed Mount Sinai (Sinai Peninsula, Egypt) or Jabal El Lawz (Midian, Saudi Arabia).

The opening verses of the Holy Quran's 95th Surah entitled Al-Teen (The Fig), clues in on the REAL Mount Sinai (Tur-i-Seeneen) being At-Tur peak of the Mount Of Olives (Jabal Az-Zaytun):

Surah Al-Teen (The Fig)

95:1 - By the Fig and the Olive, [Wa al teeni wa al zaytooni]

95:2 - By Mount Sinai, [Wa toori Seeneena]

There a total of 5 Quranic Suwar(Verses) which mention Tur Seeneen(Mount Sinai) of which 3 of them are the following:

Surah Maryam (Mary)

19:51 - And mention Musa in the Book; surely he was one purified, and he was a messenger, a prophet.

[Waothkur fee alkitabi moosa innahu kana mukhlasan wakana rasoolan nabiyyan]

19:52 - We called him from the right slope of the Mount, and brought him nigh in communion.

[Wanadaynahu min janibi alttoori al-aymani waqarrabnahu najiyyan]

Surah Al-Muminun (The Believers)

23:20 - And a tree that grows out of Mount Sinai which produces oil and a condiment for those who eat.

[Washajaratan takhruju min toori saynaa tanbutu bialdduhni wasibghin lilakileena]

Surah Al-Qisas (The Narratives)

28:46 - Nor wast thou at the side of (the Mountain of) Tur when we called (to Moses). Yet (art thou sent) as Mercy from thy Lord, to give warning to a people to whom no warner had come before thee: in order that they may receive admonition.

[Wama kunta bijanibi alttoori ith nadayna walakin rahmatan min rabbika litunthira qawman ma atahum min natheerin min qablika laAAallahum yatathakkaroona]


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[copy-pasted from Wikipedia]


Biblical references
The Mount of Olives is first mentioned in connection with David's flight from Absalom (II Samuel 15:30): "And David went up by the ascent of the Mount of Olives, and wept as he went up." The ascent was probably east of the City of David, near the village of Silwan.^[1] The sacred character of the mount is alluded to in the Ezekiel (11:23): "And the glory of the Lord went up from the midst of the city, and stood upon the mountain which is on the east side of the city."^[1] Solomon built altars to the gods of his wives on the southern peak (I Kings 11:7-8). During the reign of King Josiah, the mount was called the Mount of Corruption (II Kings 23:13). An apocalyptic prophecy in the Book of Zechariah states that Yahweh will stand on the Mount of Olives and the mountain will split in two, with one half shifting north and one half shifting south (Zechariah 14:4).

The biblical designation Har HaMashchit derives from the idol worship there, begun by King Solomon's Moabite and Ammonite wives "on the mountain which is before (east of) Jerusalem" (Kings I 11:17), just outside the limits of the holy city. This site was infamous for idol worship throughout the First Temple period, until king of Judah Josiah finally destroyed "the high places that were before Jerusalem, to the right of Har HaMashchit,..."


Christian references

Churches on Mt. of Olives

The Mount of Olives is frequently mentioned in the New Testament (Matthew 21:1;26:30, etc.) as the route from Jerusalem to Bethany and the place where Jesus stood when he wept over Jerusalem. Jesus is said to have spent time on the mount, teaching and prophesying to his disciples (Matthew 24-25), including the Olivet discourse, returning after each day to rest (Luke 21:37), and also coming there on the night of his betrayal (Matthew 26:39). At the foot of the Mount of Olives lies the Garden of Gethsemane. The New Testament, tells how Jesus and his friends sang together - "When they had sung the hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives" Gospel of Matthew 26:30. Jesus ascended to heaven from the Mt of Olives as recorded in the book of Acts 1:9-12.

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Maps of ancient Palestine:

Edited by Al-Afza, 29 November 2010 - 09:42 AM.

[Al-Afza]

[append to earlier post]

*  A point of note as to why Nabih Musa wanted to capture Jericho(Yareah): The unsettled and uninhabited Jerusalem Valley was an ideal place to start an urban settlement for the Bani Israil. However, because of the city-state of Jericho to the northeast, which would most certainly be a future threat, the idolatrous and polytheist citizens of Jericho(Yareah) would have inevitably seized the Israili urban settlement. Consequently, Nabih Musa had commanded the Bani Israil to capture Jericho(Yareah). What Nabih Musa had intended was to purge all potential polytheism from the Bani Israil and guide them from monolatry to monotheism; especially, after the episode of the golden calf which was pushed by Al Samiri (The Sumerian), who joined up with the migrating Bani Israil from their brief stopover at the coastal city of Kinanah(Canaan) or Gaza City. Also, being subjugated by pagan and idolatrous Jericho(Yareah) was a clear and present threat to the future development of tawhid (monotheism) among the Bani Israil. As it turned out, the Bani Israil backed out and refused to capture Jericho(Yareah). Thus, the brothers Musa and Harun permanently parted ways with the Bani Israil; who in turn lived as pastoral nomads for 40 years before eventually settling down in Ebla, North Syria.

Edited by Al-Afza, 29 November 2010 - 12:58 PM.

[Al-Afza]

* Note the abundance of FIG TREES and OLIVE TREES at the historic Mount of Olives which CONFIRMS the Quranic account of Mount Sinai (Tur Seeneen) being none other than At-Tur peak of Jabal Az-Zaytun--

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[copy-pasted]


A Fig Tree on the Mount of Olives
Photos of fig trees on the Mount of Olives,Israel ... ISRAEL PHOTOS III -- A COLLECTION OF PHOTOS FROM ISRAEL WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SCENES AND SITES PERTINENT ...dqhall59.com/mt_of_olives_fig.htm - Cached
Deuteronomy 8:8 a land with wheat and barley, vines and fig ...
a land with wheat and barley, vines and fig trees, pomegranates, olive oil and ... a land of oil olive; the mount of Olives was famous for olive trees, and had its name from ...bible.cc/deuteronomy/8-8.htm - Cached
Bible History Online - Ancient Fig Trees
Ancient Fig Trees. Figs and fig trees are mentioned often in the ancient world, especially in Israel. The Mount of Olives was famous for its fig trees, even to ...www.bible-history.com/sketches/ancient/​fig-trees.html - Cached
The Fig tree
In this article we will analyze both "The Fig tree" and " the Olive tree", because, in my ... house of unripe figs" (Strong's concordance) and is near the Mount of Olives.www.fortunecity.com/.../tinkywinky/316/​The_Fig_Tree.htm - Cached

Figs and fig trees are mentioned often in the ancient world, especially in Israel. The Mount of Olives was famous for its fig trees, even to this day. It was a common expression for peace and prosperity to "sit under one's own fig tree." Figs were pear shaped and the young figs were especially sweet and tasty. They were eaten raw or made into cakes.

"For the LORD thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and depths that spring out of valleys and hills; A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey; A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills thou mayest dig brass. When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou shalt bless the LORD thy God for the good land which he hath given thee."

Deuteronomy 8:7-10

    

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Edited by Al-Afza, 29 November 2010 - 06:44 PM.

[Al-Afza]

Note-

The Quranic Arabic's Al Samiri stands for the The Sumerian. Even though the appellation Sumeru was attributed them by their northern brethren the Akkadu(Akkadians), history has always identified the ancient Sumerians as such. Their own appellation for themselves was Kiengir (Civilized or Noble Land) and their two-dialect language were Emegir (Civilized Tongue) and Emesal. The Sumerians called themselves the Sag-giga or the Black-Headed Ones due to their cultural fashion of wearing jet black wigs for both men and women.

The Akkadu named the Sumerians so because the Sumerian culture of Southern Iraq was directly derived from the Samarran Culture of Northern Iraq. Also, the reverence and even worship of bulls, heifers, and calves was common to these successive ancient Iraqi cultures.

A copy-paste from Wikipedia regarding this:

the Chalcolithic Samarran Culture (ca 5500–4800 BC) identified at the rich site of Tell Sawwan, where evidence of irrigation—including flax— establishes the presence of a prosperous settled culture with a highly organized social structure. The culture is primarily known by its finely-made pottery decorated against dark-fired backgrounds with stylized figures of animals and birds and geometric designs. This widely-exported type of pottery, one of the first widespread, relatively uniform pottery styles in the Ancient Near East, was first recognized at Samarra. The Samarran Culture was the precursor to the Mesopotamian culture of the Ubaid period.

The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu, ca. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture, which first pioneered irrigation agriculture. It appears this culture was derived from the Samarran culture from northern Mesopotamia.

Ancient toponyms for Samarra noted by the Samarra Archaeological Survey are Greek Souma (Ptolemy V.19, Zosimus III, 30), Latin Sumere, a fort mentioned during the retreat of the army of Julian the Apostate in 364 AD (Ammianus Marcellinus XXV, 6, 4), and Syriac Sumra (Hoffmann, Auszüge, 188; Michael the Syrian, III, 88), described as a village.

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Images of Sumerian bovine:

Edited by Al-Afza, 01 December 2010 - 09:17 AM.

[Al-Afza]

[append to previous post]

Copy-pasted from author Husayn Hamza's SUMERIAN IMPRESSIONS ON THE ABBASID SAMARRA:

There is a famous fort in the area known as the Sumir fort, which dates back to the pre-Islamic Sassanid era (AD 224-651).6 The phonetic similarity of the names 'Sumir' and 'Samarra,' as well as the geographic proximity of the two sites, warrant some thought and research into their origins and connections. Ancient sources provide some assistance in this regard. Sources from the late Sumerian era (the end of the third millennium BC) refer to the region as Sumiri, while Assyrian sources refer to it as Surmarta. The Greek Ammianus Marcellinus (c. AD 400) called it Sumera, and in Syriac writings the region was also referred to as Sumera.7 Alternatively, some sources say that when asked about the name of the region, one of the monks informed Al-Mu†tasem that it was Surra Man Ra¥a (Arabic, He who sees it is delighted), and that it was the location of the city of Sam, the son of Noah.8

The map of the peninsula, however, which was drawn by the Muslim geographer Al-Istakhri (tenth century AD), urges us to reconsider the old name of Samarra, which was passed down through the generations. On this map, Al-Istakhri referred to the Samarra region as Samiri,9 although Muslim historians had referred the name of Samarra to its original three words surra man ra ¥a, meaning that it pleases anyone who sees it because of its beauty and grandeur. Yet some modern researchers believe that the name Samarra is a deviation of Sumer, just as the name Al-Warka¥ is a deviation of Uruk and Karbala¥ of Kreb Ail.10 Whatever the case may be, one can be certain that the Sumerian civilization left stronger impressions on the civilization of the †Abbasid city of Samarra than any other Muslim city. It is ironic that this city, whose shining light of civilization glowed quite distinctly, existed for a mere half a century.

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Edited by Al-Afza, 01 December 2010 - 01:03 PM.

[Al-Afza]

Conclusion:

From analysis of the Holy Quranic verses regarding the hijrah (exodus) from ancient Egypt of the Bani Israil (Children of Yaqub Israil)...

-- THE REAL MOUNT SINAI (TUR SEENEEN) IS AT-TUR PEAK OF THE MOUNT OF OLIVES (JABAL AZ-ZAYTUN) AT THE OUTSKIRTS OF JERUSALEM.*

-- AL-SAMIRI LITERALLY STANDS FOR THE SUMERIAN AND NOT THE SAMARITAN (AS SOME CRITICS MISTAKENLY UPHOLD OF THE ALLEGED "ERRORS" IN THE HOLY QURAN).

* The reason why Mount Sinai (Tur Seeneen) was placed at the Sinai Peninsula (which was consequently named after it) was because Christian Roman Emperor Constantine the Great's mother Helena declared it so during the early 300s A.D. and ordered the building of a Christian church there. This church later became Saint Catherine's Monastery in 527 A.D. under the decree of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I.

Edited by Al-Afza, 01 December 2010 - 10:45 PM.

[Al-Afza]

A point of note regarding the Quraysh or Settlers of Becca Valley in the Hejaz. They began as gnostic monotheists known as the Hunafa(Righteous) but gradually mutated to being monolatrists, then henotheists, and finally crossing over to becoming full-fledged polytheists. By the time of Prophet Muhammad's birth in 570 A.D., there wasn't even a single Quraysh subtribe that was Hunafa(Righteous), including the Banu Fahr. However, there were only two family clans of the Fahri subtribe that were still henotheist: the Hashimites and the al-Muttalib.

The orthodox standard Islamic historical position is that Prophet Muhammad was a monolatrist until he was informed of being a messenger(rasul) & announcer(nabih) of monotheism(tawhid) by the Archangel of Revelations, Al-Jibril. The word monolatry [Greek-monos=single+latreia=worship] was said to have been coined by Biblical scholar & Orientalist Julius Wellhausen, while philologist, Indologist, & Orientalist, Friedrich Max Muller coined the word henotheism [Greek-heno=one+theos=god].

--henotheism = the belief in only one god, while accepting that other gods do exist for other peoples, cultures, and nations; not denying other gods, while personally believing in only one god.

--monolatry = the belief that only one god is worthy of worship, while acknowledging that other gods could possibly exist for other peoples, cultures, and nations, even though belief in only one god would be preferrable for all.

--monotheism = the belief in only one god who alone is worthy of worship, while not accepting or acknowledging any other god of any people, culture, or nation simply because the one god is everyone's god, whether he is worshipped; denied; neither confirmed nor denied; or acknowledged but not formally worshipped.

*henotheism & monolatry are conditional forms of monotheism, whereas pure monotheism is unconditional.

The shahada or testimony of Islamic(Submissive) monotheism La il-Laha il-al-Lah (There is no Divinity but the Divinity) is the confirmation of true monotheism. It unmistakably transcends henotheism & monolatry and enters the realm of pure monotheism.

Whereas The First Commandment reads:

And God spake all these words, saying, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.* (Exodus 20:1-3)

Some theological scholars have interpreted this to be more of a monolatrist declaration rather than one declaring true monotheism.

Edited by Al-Afza, 06 December 2010 - 01:12 PM.

[Al-Afza]

Surah Al-Asra (The Night Journey) or Bani Israil (Children Of Israil) :

17:01
Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless,- in order that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things).

(Subhana allathee asra biAAabdihi laylan mina almasjidi alharami ila almasjidi al-aqsa allathee barakna hawlahu linuriyahu min ayatina innahu huwa alssameeAAu albaseeru)

There is the very distinct probability that the REAL Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa from where Nabih Muhammad made his ascension (miraj) upto the highest heavens upon the celestial carrier Ruf-Ruf was atop of At-Tur Peak of Jabal Az-Zaytun (Mount Of Olives).

Since that was where Nabih Musa (Moses) received the Taurat (Torah) tablets in direct communion or point of contact with Almighty Al-Lah (The Divinity)...

In Islamic tradition, the ENTIRE Taurat (Torah) was revealed engraved front and back upon the 5 Tablets (NOT 2 Tablets of The Ten Commandments as in Judeo-Christian tradition).*

As it stands, the actual Temple Mosque (Masjid) of King Sulayman (Solomon) was most probably in Ebla, Syria with Ur-As-Salaam (Jerusalem) or City Of Peace the title or laqab of ancient Ebla.

This would mean that NEITHER the fabled Judeo-Christian Temple Mount, NOR the fabled Islamic Al-Aqsa Mosque are where they are currently held to be...

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*[copy-pasted from Answering Chrisitanity.com]

And We wrote for him on the Tablets (al-alwahi) of everything an admonition, and a distinguishing of everything: 'So take it forcefully, and command thy people to take the fairest of it. I shall show you the habitation of the ungodly. S. 7:145

And when Moses returned to his people, angry and sorrowful, he said, 'Evilly have you done in my place, after me; what, have you outstripped your Lord's commandment?' And he cast down the Tablets (al-alwaha), and laid hold of his brother's head, dragging him to him. He said, 'Son of my mother, surely the people have abased me, and well nigh slain me. Make not my enemies to gloat over me, and put me not among the people of the evildoers. S. 7:150

And when Moses' anger abated in him, he took the Tablets (al-alwaha) and in the inscription of them was guidance, and mercy unto all those who hold their Lord in awe. S. 7:154

The word for Tablets is alwah and is in the plural form. Arabic has not only singular and plural but also a dual form, that is used when two of something are referred to. The plural is used when three or more are in view. Had the author of the Quran spoken of two tablets, he would have used the form al-lawhayni (the two tablets) in all three verses.

[end of copy-paste]

Edited by Al-Afza, 08 December 2010 - 11:10 PM.

[Al-Afza]

Note - In the New Testament, Nabih Isa (Jesus) had ascended to heaven from Jabal Az-Zaytan (Mount Olivet or Mount Of Olives)...And was said to descend from heaven also at Jabal Az-Zaytun (Mt. Olivet/Mt. Of Olives)...


Acts 1:9-12 (King James Version)

⁹And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight.

¹⁰And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel;

¹¹Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.

¹²Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey.



Jabal Az-Zaytun (Mount Olivet/Mount Of Olives)



At-Tur Peak, Jabal Az-Zaytun (Mount Olivet)

Edited by Al-Afza, 10 December 2010 - 01:09 PM.

[Al-Afza]

An aerial view of Jabal Az-Zaytun (Mount Of Olives/Mount Olivet); the At-Tur Peak would be the spot where Nabih Musa held communion with Almighty Al-Lah(The Divinity) and received Al Taurat (The Torah). That Peak should also mark the spot where Nabih Muhammad ascended in his Miraj.







  

Edited by Al-Afza, 10 December 2010 - 05:06 PM.

[Al-Afza]

In contrast, the Biblical or Judeo-Christian route of the Exodus [Ex=Out + Hodos=Road] or Hijrah [Migration] of the Bani Israil (Israelites). The Biblical account gives 600,000 men (plus women and children) which gives the total aggregate of upto 3 million Israelites. Neither history, nor archaeology has EVER been able to support the Biblical claim. They haven't even come close. The Biblical numerical figure defies ALL logistical consideration, even if the Exodus was placed during the 19th Dynasty (circa 1200 B.C.)...

Edited by Al-Afza, 11 December 2010 - 11:20 AM.

[Al-Afza]

[copy-paste]

Lost Civilization May Have Existed Beneath the Persian Gulf      

Jeanna Bryner
LiveScience Managing Editor

LiveScience.com jeanna Bryner
livescience Managing Editor

livescience.com – Fri Dec 10, 7:25 am ET

Veiled beneath the Persian Gulf, a once-fertile landmass may have supported some of the earliest humans outside Africa some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago, a new review of research suggests. At its peak, the floodplain now below the Gulf would have been about the size of Great Britain, and then shrank as water began to flood the area. Then, about 8,000 years ago, the land would have been swallowed up by the Indian Ocean, the review scientist said.

The study, which is detailed in the December issue of the journal Current Anthropology, has broad implications for aspects of human history. For instance, scientists have debated over when early modern humans exited Africa, with dates as early as 125,000 years ago and as recent as 60,000 years ago (the more recent date is the currently accepted paradigm), according to study researcher Jeffrey Rose, an archaeologist at the University of Birmingham in the U.K.

"I think Jeff's theory is bold and imaginative, and hopefully will shake things up," Robert Carter of Oxford Brookes University in the U.K. told LiveScience. "It would completely rewrite our understanding of the out-of-Africa migration. It is far from proven, but Jeff and others will be developing research programs to test the theory." Viktor Cerny of the Archaeogenetics Laboratory, the Institute of Archaeology, in Prague, called Rose's finding an "excellent theory," in an e-mail to LiveScience, though he also points out the need for more research to confirm it.

The findings have sparked discussion among researchers, including Carter and Cerny, who were allowed to provide comments within the research paper, about who exactly the humans were who occupied the Gulf basin. "Given the presence of Neanderthal communities in the upper reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates River, as well as in the eastern Mediterranean region, this may very well have been the contact zone between moderns and Neanderthals," Rose told LiveScience. In fact, recent evidence from the sequencing of the Neanderthal genome suggests interbreeding, meaning we are part caveman.

Watery refuge

The Gulf Oasis would have been a shallow inland basin exposed from about 75,000 years ago until 8,000 years ago, forming the southern tip of the Fertile Crescent, according to historical sea-level records. And it would have been an ideal refuge from the harsh deserts surrounding it, with fresh water supplied by the Tigris, Euphrates, Karun and Wadi Baton Rivers, as well as by upwelling springs, Rose said. And during the last ice age when conditions were at their driest, this basin would've been at its largest.

In fact, in recent years, archaeologists have turned up evidence of a wave of human settlements along the shores of the Gulf dating to about 7,500 years ago. "Where before there had been but a handful of scattered hunting camps, suddenly, over 60 new archaeological sites appear virtually overnight," Rose said. "These settlements boast well-built, permanent stone houses, long-distance trade networks, elaborately decorated pottery, domesticated animals, and even evidence for one of the oldest boats in the world."

Rather than quickly evolving settlements, Rose thinks precursor populations did exist but have remained hidden beneath the Gulf."Perhaps it is no coincidence that the founding of such remarkably well developed communities along the shoreline corresponds with the flooding of the Persian Gulf basin around 8,000 years ago," Rose said. "These new colonists may have come from the heart of the Gulf, displaced by rising water levels that plunged the once fertile landscape beneath the waters of the Indian Ocean."

Ironclad case?

The most definitive evidence of these human camps in the Gulf comes from a new archaeological site called Jebel Faya 1 within the Gulf basin that was discovered four years ago. There, Hans-Peter Uerpmann of the University of Tubingen in Germany found three different Paleolithic settlements occurring from about 125,000 to 25,000 years ago. That and other archaeological sites, Rose said, indicate "that early human groups were living around the Gulf basin throughout the Late Pleistocene."

To make an ironclad case for such human occupation during the Paleolithic, or early Stone Age, of the now-submerged landmass, Rose said scientists would need to find any evidence of stone tools scattered under the Gulf. "As for the Neolithic, it would be wonderful to find some evidence for human-built structures," dated to that time period in the Gulf, Rose said. Carter said in order to make for a solid case, "we would need to find a submerged site, and excavate it underwater. This would likely only happen as the culmination of years of survey in carefully selected areas." Cerny said a sealed-tight case could be made with "some fossils of the anatomically modern humans some 100,000 years old found in South Arabia."

And there's a hint of mythology here, too, Rose pointed out. "Nearly every civilization living in southern Mesopotamia has told some form of the flood myth. While the names might change, the content and structure are consistent from 2,500 B.C. to the Genesis account to the Qur'anic version," Rose said. Perhaps evidence beneath the Gulf? "If it looks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, we have at least to consider the possibility that we have a small aquatic bird of the family Anatidae on our hands," said Rose, quoting Douglas Adams.

  
This map reveals the Arabian Peninsula with regions that were exposed as sea levels fell, and so became environmental refuges, possibly for some of the earliest humans out of Africa.

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The Ur-Schatt River Valley would have been the most likely geographic location of the civilization of Nabih Nuh (Noah) and the subject of the Great Deluge or Flood. That entire region has long-since been submerged to become the Persian Gulf, when previously there was no such gulf but only the Gulf of Oman.

The Quranic account goes thus:

Surah Hud - 11:40

Hatta itha jaaamruna wafara alttannooru qulna ihmilfeeha min kullin zawjayni ithnayni waahlaka illaman sabaqa AAalayhi alqawlu waman amana wama amanamaAAahu illa qaleelun

At length, behold! there came Our command, and the fountains of the earth gushed forth! We said: "Embark therein, of each kind two, male and female, and your family - except those against whom the word has already gone forth,- and the Believers." but only a few believed with him.

Edited by Al-Afza, 12 December 2010 - 12:38 AM.

[Al-Afza]

[copy-paste Wikipedia article excerpt]


The lower Tigris-Euphrates Valley, reflooding the Persian Gulf (12,000 years ago)

Another type 1 theory. When sea levels were low, the combined Tigris-Euphrates river flowed through a wide flat marshy landscape. The Persian Gulf today has an average depth of only 35 m. During the most recent glaciation, which ended 12,000 years ago, worldwide sea levels dropped 120 to 130 m, leaving the bed of the Persian Gulf well above sea level during the glacial maximum. It had to have been a swampy freshwater floodplain, where water was retained in all the hollows. High in the Taurus Mountains glaciation would have been extensive.

The drainage of the combined glacial era Tigris-Euphrates made its way down the marshes of this proto-Shatt-al-Arab to the Strait of Hormuz into the Arabian Sea. Reports of the exploration ship "Meteor" have confirmed that the Persian Gulf was an entirely dry basin about 15,000 BC. Close to the steeper Iranian side a deep channel apparently marks the course of the ancient extended Shatt al-Arab, being called the "Ur-Schatt". A continuous shallow shelf across the top (north) of the Persian Gulf and down the west side (at 20 m) suggests that this section was the last to be inundated. At the Straits of Hormuz the bathymetric profile indicates a division into two main channels which continue across the Bieban Shelf before dropping to a depth of c 400 m in the Gulf of Oman; the deeper parts of these channels may be due to delta deposits at the edge of the deep ocean collapsing in a succession of big underwater landslides, causing underwater erosion by the resulting turbidity currents.

There is a theory that there was also a Black-Sea-type sill collapse at the Strait of Hormuz at the outlet of the Persian Gulf, so converting this case into type 3.

In a 1981 Journal of Cuneiform Studies article, "The Tangible Evidence for the Earliest Dilmun", Theresa Howard-Carter espoused her theory identifying Dilmun with Qurna, an island at the Strait of Hormuz. Her scenario put the original mouths of the Tigris-Euphrates rivers, which she thought should be the site of the primeval Dilmun, at or even beyond the Straits of Hormuz. Mainstream archaeologists have avoided mentioning her article for fear of its apparent catastrophism, an awkward subject in geology.Baker, V., 1995, Theresa Howard-Carter also wrote: "It is more likely that the original Persian Gulf inhabitants lived along the banks of the lower or extended Shatt al-Arab, ranging some 800 km across the dry Persian Gulf bed. We can thus postulate that the pre-Sumerian cultures had more than ample time to be born and flourish in a riverine setting, encouraged by the agricultural potential and the blessings of a temperate climate. The fact that the body of proof for the existence of these societies must now lie at the bottom of the Persian Gulf furnishes at least a temporary excuse for the archaeologist's failure to produce evidence for their material culture."

In our time, mangrove edge habitat and coral reefs encrustation of fossil dunes characterize the Persian Gulf. Mangroves recolonize easily from established mangrove fringe colonies elsewhere in the Arabian Sea. Artificial reefs are being established today along the coast of Iran. The present-day natural reef developments in the Persian Gulf, corals grow on hardground substrates but have not yet formed the massive calcium carbonate structures familiar from, say, Australia's Great Barrier Reef.

The article Dive conditions described by Eric Bjornstrom found in 1999 in Dubai coral-encrusted sand barrier islands situated 32 km off the coast of the Saudi city of Jubail. There lies a chain of five coral cays, barely above the tide. They appear to be formations called diapirs in which a mobile core containing minerals of low density such as salt, deforms under pressure. The core pushes upwards, deforming overlying rock to form a dome. An ancient diapir at Enorama formed an island in shallow seas, buoyed up by salt. There are similar examples today in the Persian Gulf.

In addition to this large scale flooding of the Persian Gulf there is confirmed evidence of relatively recent extended local flooding in this part of the world. Excavations in Iraq, for example, have shown evidence of a flood at Shuruppak around 2900-2750 BCE which extended nearly as far as the city of Kish (whose king, Etana, supposedly founded the first Sumerian dynasty after the Deluge). Sir C. Leonard Woolley's excavations at Ur south of Uruk in the 1920s found a more than 2.5 m thick homogeneous silty loam stratum that was void of artifacts, which Woolley in 1931 ascribed to Noah's Flood.


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Edited by Al-Afza, 12 December 2010 - 02:08 PM.

[Al-Afza]

Note:

The submerged Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz[Hormozia] was where the lost civilization of primordial DILMUN existed. In surviving Sumerian historical records, the Sumerians declare themselves to be direct descendants of the land of DILMUN.

Antediluvian DILMUN was the eastern province or region of Arabia which bordered Mesopotamia[Iraq]* to its north, Persia[Iran] to its east, and Oman (which in ancient times included U.A.E.) to its south. It was most likely the planet earth's earliest human civilization and culture, whose surviving biological descendants first settled up north at the Hassuna and Samarra regions of north-central Iraq. Later, their settlements extended south to become Sumeria.

The fabled Garden of Aden[Eden] was considered to be within the Ur-Schatt River Valley of the submerged landmass that was once the land of DILMUN. The traditional history of primeval DILMUN would span the period of the lifetimes of progenitors Adam and Havva[Eve] up to the lifetime of Nabih Nuh[Noah].

Antediluvian ARABIA was comprised of the following seven provinces or regions:

1-Madyan[Midian] = NW

2-Hejaz = West

3-Nejd = North Central

4-Yamama = South Central

5-Yemen = SW

6-Oman (including present-day U.A.E.) = SE

7-Dilmun (present-day Persian Gulf; Strait of Hormuz; Bahrain; Qatar) = East / NE

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* Kuwait was always culturally & geographically part of Iraq[Mesopotamia] up until 1914-15.



Resized to 38% (was 2700 x 2433) - Click image to enlarge

Resized to 38% (was 2748 x 1883) - Click image to enlarge

Edited by Al-Afza, 21 December 2010 - 09:18 PM.

[viceroy]

Note:

         B.C.
9000-6000 -- Imazighen (Berber) hunters-gatherers-fishermen flourish in primeval village settlements scattered throughout Ta-Meshwesh (Ta-Mazgha) or North Africa (Morocco to Egypt).
        6000 -- Desertification of the lush, fertile, lake-filled Sahara region of Ta-Mazgha (North Africa) after slight tilt of the Earth's axis.
6000-5000 -- Agrarian age flourishes in Egypt.
5000-4000 -- Feudal age flourishes in Egypt.
4000-3700 -- Nomarchic (Gubernatorial) age flourishes in Egypt.
3700-3400 -- Three Kingdom age flourishes in Egypt.
3400-3200 -- Two Kingdom age flourishes in Egypt.
   3200-30 -- Pharaonic & Dynastic age of unified Egypt.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4000-3700 B.C. is the period of the Three Nomarchies (Governorates) in ancient Egypt: the Sepat (Nomarchy) of Upper Egypt; the Sepat (Nomarchy) of Middle Egypt; the Sepat (Nomarchy) of Lower Egypt.

3700-3400 B.C. is the period of the predynastic Three Kingdoms of ancient Egypt: the Uat (Reed) Kingdom of Lower Egypt; the Bjt (Bee) Kingdom of Middle Egypt; the Nekhen (Hawk) Kingdom of Upper Egypt.

3400-3200 B.C. is the period of the Two Kingdoms of ancient Egypt after King Scorpion I of the Nekhen (Hawk) Kingdom successively annexes both the Bjt (Bee) Kingdom of Middle Egypt & the Uat (Reed) Kingdom of Lower Egypt circa 3400 B.C.; before the annexation of the Bjt (Bee) Kingdom of Middle Egypt, King Scorpion I had converted to monolatry from polytheism under the influence of his Tjat (Grand Vizier) and later brother-in-law, Yusuf-Usiri. From circa 3400 B.C., King Scorpion I wears the two royal crowns which are the Hedjet (White) Crown of his native Upper Egypt & the Khepresh (Blue) Crown of Middle Egypt. King Scorpion I turns over the Deshret (Red) Crown of Lower Egypt to his former Tjat (Grand Vizier) Yusuf-Usiri circa 3400 B.C.; the former Tjat of Scorpion I, Yusuf-Usiri, rules from Heqa-Andjet (Rulership of the Place of the Pillar), the capital of Lower Egypt; immediately following the merging & integration of Upper & Middle Egypt circa 3400 B.C., predynastic ancient Egypt is then referred to as Ta-Wy (Two Lands): Ta-Shemau (Upper Land) and/or Ta-Deshret (Red Land), in direct reference to the reddish desert of the southern half of Egypt, & Ta-Mehu (Lower Land) and/or Ta-Khemet (Black Land), in direct reference to to the blackish soil of the Nile Delta flood plains. Furthermore, a more personal self-reference of ancient Egypt was Ta-Mery (Ta=Land+Mery=Beloved).

3350-3200 B.C. is the period of the monotheist-turned-monolatrist-turned-henotheist Israili dynasty of appointed rulers of the House of Yaqub-Israil (biological father of Yusuf-Usiri) in Ta-Mehu or Lower Egypt; it is also the period of monolatrist-turned-henotheist-turned-polytheist appointed rulers of Ta-Shemau or Upper Egypt.

Circa 3200 B.C. is the commencement of Pharaonic & Dynastic ancient Egypt immediately following the annexation of Ta-Mehu or Lower Egypt by King Me-Na (Everlasting Establisher) the Nar-Mer (Angry Catfish) of Ta-Shemau (Upper Egypt). During Mena's son & successor Aha's reign, the religious cults of Yusuf-Usiri & his wife Iset were established in Lower Egypt, while the religious cult of the fictional figure of Set was established in Upper Egypt, prompting an additional appellation of Lower Egypt as Ta-Seti (Land of Set). Yusuf-Usiri was deified and worshipped under his ancient Egyptian nominal title Usiri (symbolized by the hieroglyphs of the Eye & the Throne) and which meant "Seat-Maker", along with the epithets Andjety (He of the Place of the Pillar) & Maa-Kheru (Truth-Speaker). The earliest hieroglyphic representation of Yusuf-Usiri was the Tet glyph. The Tet or Djet pillar was the symbol of Yusuf-Usiri's capital city Andjet (Place of the Pillar). The city of Andjet was founded by Yusuf-Usiri as his new capital located between the Bolbitine and Sebennytic rivers of the Nile Delta; the previous capital of Lower Egypt was the city of Behdet, west of the Canopic distributary. The Tet or Djet pillar was a replica of the silos designed and built by Yusuf-Usiri when he was the Tjat (Grand Vizier) of King Scorpion I of Upper Egypt, for long-term grain storage in anticipation of the 7-year famine that had once stricken all of Egypt.

The appellation of Ta-Khemet (Black=Khemet+Ta=Land) is derived from the Old Hieratic word Kemi (Silt), alluding to the blackish silt (kemi) of the Nile Delta flood plains; not to be confused with the Old Hieratic word Kemmai (Gum). The appellation 'Egypt' is the Roman English corruption of the Latin 'Aegyptus', from the Greek 'Aegyptos', the Greek corruption of the original name for the ancient Egyptian city of Memphis (Menfi) which was Het-Ka-Ptah or Temple of the Spirit of Ptah (Het=Temple+Ka=Spirit+Ptah=a deity). The Arabic language name of modern Egypt is Misr or Masr and is directly derived from the Akkadian language translation of the Old Hieratic appellation Ta-Wy (Two Lands) which is Mus-Ur (Mus=Bi/Two-Halves+Ur=City-State); in the Syrian Ugaritic language, the Old Hieratic Ta-Wy (Two Lands) translated as Mis-Ri (Two States).

The appellation of pharaoh or Per'o (Great Host) was retroactively applied by Egyptologists for the rulers of unified Egypt commencing with Mena Narmer circa 3200 B.C.; the Old Hieratic appellation Per'o (Great Host) was directly derived from the noun Per-Aa (Per=House+Aa=Great), in direct reference to the king's palace which also functioned as a temple. From circa 4000-3700 B.C., the two most powerful offices were that of the Sepat (Nomarch or Governor-General) and the Hierophant (High Priest). From circa 3700-3200 B.C., there were three highest offices: the geo-political rank of Neswe (King) / Ity (Monarch) / Heqa (Ruler); the socio-political rank of Tjat (grand vizier or prime minister); and the socio-religious rank of Hierophant (High Priest). With the unification of Upper & Lower Egypt, the Pharaoh or Per'o (Great Host) also became the Hierophant (High Priest) to all the deities of Egypt. Consequently, the two highest offices in unified Egypt were that of the Pharaoh or Per'o (Great Host) of the royal palace/temple and the Tjat (Grand Vizier or Prime Minister). The very appellation Pharaoh or Per'o (Great Host) signified the combined offices of both the King & High Priest of Egypt. After 4th Dynasty Pharaoh Khufu declared himself Ra-ufu (Sun God), deifying himself, the office of Pharaoh was forever changed throughout the history of Egypt. Immediately following Khufu, all Egyptian Pharaohs were henceforth elevated to the status of demi-gods (half-divine, half-human); while Khufu remained the only pharaoh in Egyptian history to have been hailed a full-fledged deity as the living god, and not just a demi-god. Meanwhile, the office of Hierophant (High Priest) to all the Egyptian deities was awarded to the Tjat (Grand Vizier or Prime Minister) from Khufu's reign onward; with Khufu's cousin & nephew Hemiunu (Haman) being the very first Tjat (Grand Vizier) to also be Hierophant (High Priest) of Egypt.

Writing in ancient Egypt was developed in the form of hieroglyphics (picture-writing) by circa 4000 B.C., coinciding with the establishment of the Three Nomarchies (Sepat); cursive writing in ancient Egypt in the form of Hieratic (written on scrolls from papyrus reeds) was invented circa 3395 B.C. by Yusuf-Maa-Kheru-Usiri-Andjety [Maa-Kheru=Truth-speaker; Usiri=Seat-maker; Andjety=He of the Place of the Pillar]; in Old Hieratic, Maa=Truth & Djet/Djed=Pillar.

The native ancient Egyptians were of the very same homogeneous group of indigenous North Africans that were and still are the Imazighen (Berbers).


Seven Rivers of the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt (Ta-Mehu or Lower Land)--
East to West:

1-Pelusiac
2-Tanitic
3-Mendesian
4-Phatnitic
5-Sebennytic
6-Bolbitine
7-Canopic

The White Nile commences from the Great Lakes region of the Sub-Sahara in central Africa. It flows through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda, and southern Sudan. The White Nile turns into the Blue Nile in Ethiopia and runs through northern Sudan (Nubia/Kush) into Egypt. In ancient times, the Blue Nile broke off into the Seven Rivers of the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt, all flowing into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile River is the only river in the world that flows upstream instead of downstream.

The Blue Nile broke off into three branches at the Nile Delta: Pelusiac, Sebennytic, and Canopic; the Pelusiac had no further break off while the Sebennytic broke off into three further branches: the Tanitic, Mendesian, and Phatnitic; the Canopic broke off into the Bolbitine.

There were the Ballah Lakes which were seven in number near the Mediterranean coastline. There was Lake Moeris west of the Blue Nile in Lower Egypt. There were the two lakes east of the southern Pelusiac named Timsah and Great Bitter Lake. Lake Timsah was a small lake while Great Bitter Lake was almost five times larger. There was a canal built from the Pelusiac to Lake Timsah and Great Bitter Lake and further on out to the Red Sea by the 12th Dynasty pharaoh Senusret III (1878 BC–1839 BC). There was also Lake Sinai located near the Mediterranean coastline at the top of the Sinai Peninsula.

There were a total of 12 islands off the Mediterranean coastline of ancient Egypt, three of which were quite small in size. There were also no lagoons along the Mediterranean coastline of ancient Egypt. There was a tiny peninsula between the terminuses of the Sebennytic and Phatnitic Rivers. There was the Moeris River which broke off from the Blue Nile and which further broke off into the Moeris River North and Moeris River West, both of which ended up into Lake Moeris.

[viceroy]

Note :

--By the time of Nabih Yusuf Usir Maa-Kheru Andjety's passing circa 3350 B.C., Lower Egypt's population was 100% monotheist. Meanwhile, Upper Egypt's population was 100% monolatrist.

--By circa 3250 B.C., Lower Egypt's ruling dynasty (Bani Israil) remained monotheist, while Lower Egypt's population had become 55% monotheist and 45% monolatrist. Upper Egypt's population had become 55% monolatrist and 45% henotheist.

--By circa 3200 B.C., Lower Egypt's ruling dynasty (Bani Israil) had been overthrown via a war of attrition by polytheist Upper Egyptian king, Me-Na (Everlasting Establisher) the Nar-Mer (Angry Catfish). Lower Egypt's population had become 55% henotheist and 45% polytheist. Upper Egypt's population had become 55% polytheist and 45% henotheist.

--By the end of the 1st Dynasty of Pharaonic Egypt, Lower Egypt's population had become 70% polytheist and 30% henotheist; while the Bani Israil tribe had become monolatrists. Upper Egypt's population had become 98% polytheist and 2% henotheist.

--By the end of the 3rd Dynasty of Pharaonic Egypt, Lower Egypt's population had become 98% polytheist and 2% henotheist (which included the Bani Israil tribe). Upper Egypt's population had become 100% polytheist.

--By the year Pharaoh Khufu ascended to the throne (2646 B.C.), the populations of both Upper & Lower Egypt were almost 100% polytheist (with the sole exception of the Bani Israil tribe of Lower Egypt which remained henotheist).

[viceroy]

Note :

monotheism = belief in only one supreme deity, while denying the existence of any other deities.

monolatrism = belief which upholds that only one deity must be worshipped by a nation or people, while not denying the existence of other deities for other nations or peoples.

henotheism = belief which upholds that only one deity must be held supreme, while acknowledging and/or accepting the existence of other lesser or subordinate deities within a nation or people.

polytheism = belief in multiple deities within a nation or people, sometimes in varying degrees (from hierarchal to egalitarian).

Edited by viceroy, 06 August 2011 - 11:50 PM.

[viceroy]

An edit to previous post:

polytheism = belief in multiple deities within a nation or people, ranging from hierarchal pantheons to egalitarian pantheons.

Edited by viceroy, 07 August 2011 - 06:03 PM.

[viceroy]

Note :

The ancient Musri-Hieratic name for the scorpion was serket. Consequently, there was a scorpion-goddess of Dynastic-Pharaonic Egypt named Serket-Netert = Scorpion Goddess.

Centuries before the cult of Serket-Netert, there were two predynastic kings of Egypt named Neswe-Serket I and Neswe-Serket II. Neswe-Serket I (King Scorpion I) was the consolidator of the Three Kingdoms of predynastic Egypt. His Tjat (Grand Vizier/Prime Minister) was Nabih Yusuf, whose three epithets were : Usir = Seat-Maker / Maa-Kheru = Truth Speaker / Andjety = He of the Place of the Pillar. Neswe-Serket I's full-sibling younger sister, Princess Iset (Isis), became queen and consort of Nabih Yusuf Usir Maa-Kheru Andjety, when Yusuf Usir (Osiris) became ruler of Ta-Mehu (Lower Land) / Ta-Khemet (Black Land) / Lower Egypt.